[INDOLOGY] Re: -t/-d

[Antonia Ruppel]

Dear Mark,

These forms originally ended in -d, as we can see from comparative evidence
(forms such as 'id' in Latin, or Germanic forms ending in -t, such as 'it'
or 'that') and also internal evidence (forms such as Sanskrit id-am).

Word-final -d of course always appears as -t in Sanskrit when no other word
follows. Some grammars prefer to give the underlying form (and then also
often give you forms ending in the underlying -s that at the end of a word
always appears as visarga in Sanskrit); others prefer to list the form as
it would appear in Sanskrit.

Hope this helps!

All the best,
    Antonia

On Thu, 4 Mar 2021 at 03:56, Nathan McGovern <nmcgover at fandm.edu> wrote:

> Dear Mark,
>
> I don't mean this to be a flippant question, but is it meaningful to ask
> which form is "original"? In English, is the indefinite article
> "originally" *a *but then becomes *an* in front of vowels, or is it
> "originally" *an* but then becomes *a *in front of consonants?
>
> Best,
>
> Nathan
>
> *Having written this, it occurs to me that perhaps one could make a
> comparative linguistic argument than *an* is original because (I assume)
> it derives from German *ein*. But I don't know enough about the relevant
> comparative linguistics to say whether this is true, much less how it might
> translate to your question about Sanskrit *-t *and *-d*.
> On 3/3/2021 8:33 PM, Mark Allon via INDOLOGY wrote:
>
> Dear list members,
>
>
>
> There seems to be inconsistency in modern Sanskrit grammars as to whether
> the stems of pronouns and declined forms end in *-d* or *-t*.
>
>
>
> MacDonnell’s *Sanskrit Grammar for Students* has the stems as *mad,
> asmad, tvad, yuṣmad, ta(d), ya(d)*, listing the abl. forms of the
> personal pronouns as *mad, tvad, asmad, yuṣmad*. Of *tad *he gives the
> nom. acc. sg. n. as * tad* but lists the abl. sg. as *tasmāt*.
>
>
>
> Kale’s *Higher Sanskrit Grammar* similarly gives the stems forms in *-d*,
> has * tad* for nom. acc. sg. n., but abl. *tasmāt*.
>
>
>
> *Devavāṇīpreveśika* gives all stem and declined forms in *-t*.
>
>
>
> Whitney’s *Sanskrit Grammar* does not seem to list the stems of the
> personal pronouns but gives the abl. singulars in *-t* as he does with
> the dem. sg. *tasm**āt*, *asmāt*.
>
>
>
> Presumably the *-t* forms are influenced by the rule concerning permitted
> finals (*k, ṭ, t, p, ṅ, n, m* and *ḥ*), but I take this to refer to
> sandhi in the context of sentence formation.
>
>
>
> Can we say whether *-d* or *-t* forms are original?
>
>
>
> Regards
>
> Mark
>
>
>
> Dr Mark Allon
>
> Chair, Dept. of Indian Subcontinental Studies
>
> The University of Sydney
>
> Australia
>
>
>
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