[INDOLOGY] 'Vedic' astrology

Thu Nov 17 19:10:26 UTC 2016

Semantic change of Vedic words such as Yajna is well known. The word Yajna
underwent a semantic expansion to cover pañcha mahā yajñas etc.

The word vēda itself underwent a semantic expansion to come to mean
something like a field of knowledge : The use of the words such as āyurvēda
is part of such a development. The concept of upavēda connected these
fields of knowledge to the vēdas .

On Thu, Nov 17, 2016 at 11:23 PM, Nagaraj Paturi <nagarajpaturi at gmail.com>
wrote:

> English translation of the content  provided by Jean Michel Delire from
> Google translator:
>
> The mathematics of the *Vedic* altar
>
>
>
> Baudhāyana Śulbasūtra and his commentary Śulbadīpikā
>
>
>
> Edited and translated by Jean-Michel DELIRE, Preface by Pierre-Sylvain
> FILLIOZAT
>
>
>
> Oriental Studies – Extreme
>
> As its title indicates, this book offers a translation-edition Baudhayana
> Śulbasūtra and its commentary the Śulbadīpikā composed by Dvārakānātha
> before the sixteenth century. Part of the ritual literature of India, the
> Śulbasūtras are treaties detailing the construction of altars, offering
> tables, sacred enclosures, etc., necessary to the *Vedic sacrifices*.
> Dating back to the last centuries before the Christian era, they show that
> the Indian mathematical knowledge of that time was comparable to the
> knowledge of contemporary civilizations in substance, but very different in
> form, revealing its *oral *nature. This edition-translation is
> accompanied by a detailed introduction situating mathematical knowledge of
> ancient India in its historical evolution, since the end of the
> civilization of the Indus to the classical period, and in its ritual
> context. To do this, the investigation has not only considered the
> Baudhayana Śulbasūtra, but it was extended to three other Śulbasūtras (by
> Apastamba, Manava and Katyayana) edited and translated (SN Sen and AK Bag,
> Delhi, 1983) as well as non-translated edition (D. Srinivasachar and VS
> Narasimhachar, Mysore, 1931) of one of the comments of the Apastamba
> Śulbasūtra, through which the Śulbadīpikā could be dated.
>
>
> (Highlighting mine)
>
>
> On Thu, Nov 17, 2016 at 3:13 PM, Nagaraj Paturi <nagarajpaturi at gmail.com>
> wrote:
>
>> I already gave the reason why it is justified to use the word 'Vedic
>> Mathematics' in reference to S'ulba Sutras  and Chhandas.
>>
>> On Thu, Nov 17, 2016 at 2:42 PM, Nagaraj Paturi <nagarajpaturi at gmail.com>
>> wrote:
>>
>>> Missed to  put the word 'Vedic Mathematics'
>>>
>>> I wanted to say,
>>>
>>> The following are samples for the use of the word "Vedic Mathematics" in
>>> reference to the S'ulba Sutras and Chhandas. It goes without saying that I
>>> need not be taken as subscribing to the ideas in these web pages or books
>>> that I found on the first of the pages that I found through my random
>>> search:
>>>
>>>
>>> On Thu, Nov 17, 2016 at 2:33 PM, Nagaraj Paturi <nagarajpaturi at gmail.com
>>> > wrote:
>>>
>>>> The following are samples for the use of the word in reference to the
>>>> S'ulba Sutras and Chhandas. It goes without saying that I need not be taken
>>>> as subscribing to the ideas in these web pages or books that I found on the
>>>> first of the pages that I found through my random search:
>>>>
>>>> S'ulba sutras:
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> http://vedicsciences.net/articles/vedic-mathematics.html
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Projects/Pearce/Chapters/Ch4_2.html
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Chhandas:
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Vedic Mathematics Science and Technology (Ancient Wisdom Values of
>>>> Pingala Chandas Sutram) Hardcover – 1 Apr 2014
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> by Dr. S.K. Kapoor and Ved Ratan
>>>> <https://www.amazon.co.uk/s/ref=dp_byline_sr_book_1?ie=UTF8&text=Dr.+S.K.+Kapoor+and+Ved+Ratan&search-alias=books-uk&field-author=Dr.+S.K.+Kapoor+and+Ved+Ratan&sort=relevancerank>
>>>> (Author)
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> https://www.amazon.co.uk/Mathematics-Science-Technology-Anci
>>>> ent-Pingala/dp/B00PKHXUIM
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Pingal Krit Chhandah Sutram (The Prosody Of Pingala) [With Applications
>>>> Of Vedic Mathematics] Paperback – 2013
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> by Kapildev Dwivedi
>>>> <http://www.amazon.in/s/ref=dp_byline_sr_book_1?ie=UTF8&field-author=Kapildev+Dwivedi&search-alias=stripbooks> (Author),
>>>> Shyamlal Singh
>>>> <http://www.amazon.in/s/ref=dp_byline_sr_book_2?ie=UTF8&field-author=Shyamlal+Singh&search-alias=stripbooks>
>>>> (Author)
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> http://www.amazon.in/Chhandah-Prosody-Pingala-Applications-M
>>>> athematics/dp/8171248772
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> On Thu, Nov 17, 2016 at 2:26 PM, Nagaraj Paturi <
>>>> nagarajpaturi at gmail.com> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> Dear Jean,
>>>>>
>>>>> Since you said "Dear Colleagues"
>>>>>
>>>>> I am forwarding your message to the list.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
>>>>> From: Jean-Michel Delire <jmdelire at ulb.ac.be>
>>>>> Date: Thu, Nov 17, 2016 at 12:54 PM
>>>>> Subject: re:Re: [INDOLOGY] 'Vedic' astrology
>>>>> To: Nagaraj Paturi <nagarajpaturi at gmail.com>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> Dear Colleagues,
>>>>>
>>>>> I don't agree with what has just been said (see below) about maths of
>>>>> the sulbasutra and even of the chandas. As far as I know, they have never
>>>>> been called Vedic and I have myself, and many other researchers I know,
>>>>> always been very cautious to make the distinction. See the title of my
>>>>> recent book http://www.droz.org/eur/fr/6416-9782600013826.html by
>>>>> instance.
>>>>>
>>>>> Best,
>>>>>
>>>>> Jean Michel
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> >Patrick,
>>>>> >
>>>>> >>The same can be said for my tentative investigations into people's
>>>>> >attitudes toward 'vedic maths'. Most people, and to be honest I
>>>>> include
>>>>> >myself in this group, seem unable to clearly articulate what this
>>>>> type of
>>>>> >maths is meant to be, and how it is any different from 'maths'.
>>>>> >
>>>>> >Do you have and take to your interlocutors the speed math techniques
>>>>> book
>>>>> >called 'Vedic Maths" the 'Vedic' of which is already dead horse or the
>>>>> >maths in books like s'ulba sutras, Chandas  etc. ? If you have the
>>>>> latter
>>>>> >in mind , maths in s'ulba sutras , for example, is called Vedic
>>>>> because it
>>>>> >is Maths related to Vedic rituals of yajna; maths in Chandas is called
>>>>> >'Vedic' because it is related to the science of metres (meters) in the
>>>>> >Vedas.
>>>>> >
>>>>> >On Thu, Nov 17, 2016 at 6:51 AM, Nagaraj Paturi <
>>>>> nagarajpaturi at gmail.com>
>>>>> >wrote:
>>>>> >
>>>>> >> > The irony of modernization and popularization of ?Vedic
>>>>> astrology? means
>>>>> >> that *most *practitioners these days would rely on their PC or
>>>>> mobile
>>>>> >> applications to generate horoscopes without truly understanding the
>>>>> science
>>>>> >> behind them as their predecessors, *at least some*, did.
>>>>> (Highlighting
>>>>> >> mine)
>>>>> >>
>>>>> >> ----- In the place of 'most' a more diligent student of culture
>>>>> would have
>>>>> >> used 'many' and such a student would have avoided unnecessary
>>>>> quantifiers
>>>>> >> like 'at least some'. There are several different levels of 'users'
>>>>> of
>>>>> >> astrology. Some would only 'read' a ready horoscope, some would
>>>>> know how to
>>>>> >> make one. Among those who make, some would know why they have to do
>>>>> what
>>>>> >> they do, some others mechanically follow the procedure of making
>>>>> learnt
>>>>> >> from a human teacher or a book. Among those who know why they do
>>>>> what they
>>>>> >> do, some might know the depths of the siddhaanta to be able to make
>>>>> their
>>>>> >> own new theories within it , some may not be able to do that. Some
>>>>> may be
>>>>> >> able to explain to a curious Indologist in English (without knowing
>>>>> or
>>>>> >> bothering about what that Indologist might use that knowledge for),
>>>>> some
>>>>> >> may not be able to converse with an outsider in his language. The
>>>>> situation
>>>>> >> is similar in all fields of knowledge world over. People with
>>>>> higher and
>>>>> >> higher levels of knowledge are smaller and smaller in number. A
>>>>> mature
>>>>> >> observer takes such a situation for granted without being hasty or
>>>>> >> judgemental about the observed.
>>>>> >>
>>>>> >> On Thu, Nov 17, 2016 at 4:17 AM, Bill Mak <bill.m.mak at gmail.com>
>>>>> wrote:
>>>>> >>
>>>>> >>> In connection to contemporary "field works? on ?Indian astrology,?
>>>>> the
>>>>> >>> works by Yano and Guenzi are helpful. There must be scholarly
>>>>> works on the
>>>>> >>> subject in English which I am not aware of. Yano?s work is
>>>>> particularly
>>>>> >>> interesting as it documented the transition from traditional Indian
>>>>> >>> astrology to modern Indian astrology where some astrologers were
>>>>> still
>>>>> >>> capable of preparing the Pañc??ga in the traditional ways instead
>>>>> of
>>>>> >>> relying on the data from government observatory. The irony of
>>>>> modernization
>>>>> >>> and popularization of ?Vedic astrology? means that most
>>>>> practitioners these
>>>>> >>> days would rely on their PC or mobile applications to generate
>>>>> horoscopes
>>>>> >>> without truly understanding the science behind them as their
>>>>> predecessors,
>>>>> >>> at least some, did.
>>>>> >>>
>>>>> >>> Yano Michio. 1992. *Senseijutsu-tachi-no Indo* ??????????. ??:
>>>>> ?????.
>>>>> >>> Guenzi, Caterina. 2013. *Le Discours Du Destin*. Paris: CNRS
>>>>> éditions.
>>>>> >>>
>>>>> >>> On Nov 16, 2016, at 3:13 PM, patrick mccartney <
>>>>> psdmccartney at gmail.com>
>>>>> >>> wrote:
>>>>> >>>
>>>>> >>> Dear Bill, I agree with you completely about the fascinating role
>>>>> of
>>>>> >>> things like the planetarium in negotiations over identity and
>>>>> history. My
>>>>> >>> frustration is specific, and likely a result of the precarious
>>>>> nature of my
>>>>> >>> current method. In my humble experience, cyber-ethnography does
>>>>> not really
>>>>> >>> generate the type of rapport required to effectively conduct
>>>>> 'field work'.
>>>>> >>> There doesn't seem to be a critical mass of 'vedic astrologers' in
>>>>> my city,
>>>>> >>> so I feel forced in some way to reach out through the Internet and
>>>>> 'cold
>>>>> >>> call'.  If funds were made available I would certainly aim to
>>>>> include trips
>>>>> >>> to the planetarium with the intention of conducting interviews with
>>>>> >>> visitors. This would certainly yield less bland results.
>>>>> >>>
>>>>> >>> On 17 Nov 2016 12:04 AM, "Bill Mak" <bill.m.mak at gmail.com> wrote:
>>>>> >>>
>>>>> >>>> Dear Patrick,
>>>>> >>>>
>>>>> >>>> I believe rather than simply bland, "uncritical absorption of
>>>>> the/a
>>>>> >>>> Vedic narrative,? the examples of ISKCON ?Vedic Planetarium? and
>>>>> ?Vedic
>>>>> >>>> model of universe? I mentioned earlier illustrates quite
>>>>> tellingly, at
>>>>> >>>> least in this particular instance, what the intention was. To me,
>>>>> it seems
>>>>> >>>> to be part of an ongoing negotiation of the role of Indian
>>>>> culture in the
>>>>> >>>> modern world and an alternative narrative to the one created in
>>>>> the Western
>>>>> >>>> culture, one that Indians today both love and hate. In doing so,
>>>>> some
>>>>> >>>> sought to reclaim their identities as defined by themselves and
>>>>> not others.
>>>>> >>>>
>>>>> >>>> In this particular case, if Vedic is defined historically as the
>>>>> Western
>>>>> >>>> historians and philologists do, there is no question that ?Vedic
>>>>> >>>> Planetarium? is a pure misnomer. There was not even any planet
>>>>> beside Sun
>>>>> >>>> and Moon mentioned explicitly in the early Vedic corpus and the
>>>>> >>>> Ved??gajyoti?a had no discussion of planets. The Pur??ic
>>>>> cosmology is a
>>>>> >>>> hodgepodge of ideas from various sources, both foreign and
>>>>> indigenous and
>>>>> >>>> across a long stretch of time. But this model of the universe was
>>>>> created
>>>>> >>>> in reaction to the Western model, to the one created by the
>>>>> Greeks, e.g.
>>>>> >>>> Ptolemy?s geocentric model, and eventually the development of the
>>>>> model of
>>>>> >>>> universe in Western astronomy up to the present day ? a powerful
>>>>> image to
>>>>> >>>> represent science and progress, which many today sought to align
>>>>> their
>>>>> >>>> values and belief-system to .
>>>>> >>>>
>>>>> >>>> What ISKCON tried to achieve was to say to the readers that just
>>>>> like in
>>>>> >>>> the West one has the history of science, so does India. The
>>>>> proponents of
>>>>> >>>> the so-called ?Vedic science? suggest that not only India has
>>>>> science, it
>>>>> >>>> is a different science based on a possibly superior authority,
>>>>> i.e., a
>>>>> >>>> spiritual, all-encompassing revelation beyond human reasoning
>>>>> based on the
>>>>> >>>> ?Vedas," rather than philology and history based on fragments of
>>>>> the
>>>>> >>>> reality interpreted by humans. Of course, the arguments they
>>>>> constructed
>>>>> >>>> were practically entirely in Western terms, and the evidences
>>>>> they use are
>>>>> >>>> so methodologically and philologically unsound that most scholars
>>>>> do not
>>>>> >>>> consider them worthy of even consideration and decry them as
>>>>> >>>> pseudo-science. This seems to applies from more ludicrous claims
>>>>> such as
>>>>> >>>> ?Vedic astrophysics? or ?Vedic aeronautical science?, to the
>>>>> seemingly more
>>>>> >>>> benign ?Vedic mathematics? and ?Vedic astronomy?.
>>>>> >>>>
>>>>> >>>> --
>>>>> >>>> Bill M. Mak
>>>>> >>>>
>>>>> >>>> Institute for the Study of the Ancient World (ISAW)
>>>>> >>>> New York University
>>>>> >>>> 15 East 84th Street
>>>>> >>>> New York, NY 10028
>>>>> >>>> US
>>>>> >>>>
>>>>> >>>> Institute for Research in Humanities, Kyoto University
>>>>> >>>> Yoshidahonmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501
>>>>> >>>> Japan
>>>>> >>>> ?606-8501 ??????????
>>>>> >>>> ???????????
>>>>> >>>>
>>>>> >>>> Tel:+81-75-753-6961
>>>>> >>>> Fax:+81-75-753-6903
>>>>> >>>>
>>>>> >>>> copies of my publications may be found at:
>>>>> >>>> http://www.billmak.com
>>>>> >>>>
>>>>> >>>> On Nov 16, 2016, at 4:29 AM, patrick mccartney <
>>>>> psdmccartney at gmail.com>
>>>>> >>>> wrote:
>>>>> >>>>
>>>>> >>>> Some cyber-ethnography I am conducting tentatively supports the
>>>>> claim
>>>>> >>>> that "Vedic Astrology" is usually interpreted to mean precisely,
>>>>> >>>> "traditional Indian astrology". One interesting thing is that,
>>>>> even though
>>>>> >>>> my interlocutors (westerners for the most part)  almost all
>>>>> assert it means
>>>>> >>>> the above; when pressed to define what they consider the 'Vedic'
>>>>> part of
>>>>> >>>> the phrase to more specifically mean, the typical answer is
>>>>> overwhelmingly:
>>>>> >>>> "I don't really know". If asked to discuss the difference between
>>>>> the
>>>>> >>>> astrological, ie predictive systems, or the historical, parallel
>>>>> >>>> development of these systems, even some people who claim to be
>>>>> >>>> 'professional Vedic astrologers' seem unable to clearly
>>>>> differentiate them.
>>>>> >>>>
>>>>> >>>> The same can be said for my tentative investigations into people's
>>>>> >>>> attitudes toward 'vedic maths'. Most people, and to be honest I
>>>>> include
>>>>> >>>> myself in this group, seem unable to clearly articulate what this
>>>>> type of
>>>>> >>>> maths is meant to be, and how it is any different from 'maths'.
>>>>> >>>>
>>>>> >>>> These anecdotes would at least point towards support of an
>>>>> analysis that
>>>>> >>>> 'vedic', for the most part, does simply refer to a vague,
>>>>> >>>> 'historico-mythical' past that is 'pure' and not influenced by
>>>>> premodern,
>>>>> >>>> transcultural flows of ideas.
>>>>> >>>>
>>>>> >>>> But, it still does not help me, nor my interlocutors, to really
>>>>> pin down
>>>>> >>>> what a 'Vedic-X' is . Apart from "it's really old", which =
>>>>> 'better'.
>>>>> >>>> However,  I find this conclusion of sorts frustratingly bland.
>>>>> >>>>
>>>>> >>>> Regardless, it is this seemingly uncritical absorption of the/a
>>>>> Vedic
>>>>> >>>> narrative, and its narritival power to infuse the past, present
>>>>> and future
>>>>> >>>> with meaning and potential that intrigues me most. This is at
>>>>> both micro
>>>>> >>>> and macro scales of analysis.
>>>>> >>>>
>>>>> >>>> On 16 Nov 2016 7:17 PM, "Martin Gansten" <
>>>>> martin.gansten at pbhome.se>
>>>>> >>>> wrote:
>>>>> >>>>
>>>>> >>>>> Bill,
>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>> >>>>> I have read and re-read that section, and searched for various
>>>>> phrases
>>>>> >>>>> within the book as a whole (searchable PDF files are a boon),
>>>>> but I can't
>>>>> >>>>> find any mention of 'Vedic astrology' or anything like it.
>>>>> Dikshit seems to
>>>>> >>>>> have a western academic understanding of 'Vedic' as a historical
>>>>> period,
>>>>> >>>>> and he claims that the 'seeds' of a predictive system are
>>>>> present in
>>>>> >>>>> Atharvajyoti?a, but he is also very clear that such a system is
>>>>> not the one
>>>>> >>>>> based on the twelve-sign zodiac, although he thinks it
>>>>> 'probable' that the
>>>>> >>>>> latter system, when it was imported into India, was influenced
>>>>> by the
>>>>> >>>>> parallel, indigenous system. (Which undoubtedly it was, if
>>>>> perhaps not to
>>>>> >>>>> the extent that Dikshit would have liked to think. The nak?atras
>>>>> are used
>>>>> >>>>> in hor?, after all.) This is stated at the beginning of p. 100.
>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>> >>>>> In my view this is quite different from the development that we
>>>>> have
>>>>> >>>>> seen over the past few decades, where practitioners themselves
>>>>> label all
>>>>> >>>>> Indian astrology (often including the T?jika school) as 'Vedic',
>>>>> typically
>>>>> >>>>> without any idea of that label referring to a particular
>>>>> historical period
>>>>> >>>>> -- if it is used in any historical sense, it is with reference
>>>>> to a vague,
>>>>> >>>>> mythical past. 'Vedic' is used here simply in the sense of
>>>>> 'traditional
>>>>> >>>>> Indian', the implied idea being a tradition that is not only
>>>>> ancient and
>>>>> >>>>> unbroken, but essentially unchanged (and, as Robert has pointed
>>>>> out,
>>>>> >>>>> sanctioned by Brahmanic authority).
>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>> >>>>> Jean-Michel's mention of so-called Vedic mathematics in this
>>>>> context
>>>>> >>>>> seems very relevant; does anyone know when that designation
>>>>> first appears?
>>>>> >>>>> Also, of course, Dagmar's reference to ?yurveda, though I don't
>>>>> think
>>>>> >>>>> anyone has yet decided to call that system 'Vedic medicine' (or
>>>>> have they?).
>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>> >>>>> Martin
>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>> >>>>> Den 2016-11-15 kl. 21:45, skrev Bill Mak:
>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>> >>>>>> Martin, not exactly. This was precisely my point. Dikshit did
>>>>> refer to
>>>>> >>>>>> horoscopy under Vedic astrology. See ?J?taka branch of
>>>>> astrology? under
>>>>> >>>>>> ?Atharva jyoti?a? in the section Veda?ga (Vol.1 p.97-98).
>>>>> Things might have
>>>>> >>>>>> come to the forefront in recent time, but such ideas have
>>>>> certainly been
>>>>> >>>>>> around.
>>>>> >>>>>>
>>>>> >>>>>> Bill
>>>>> >>>>>>
>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>> >>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>> >>>>> INDOLOGY mailing list
>>>>> >>>>> INDOLOGY at list.indology.info
>>>>> >>>>> indology-owner at list.indology.info (messages to the list's
>>>>> managing
>>>>> >>>>> committee)
>>>>> >>>>> http://listinfo.indology.info (where you can change your list
>>>>> options
>>>>> >>>>> or unsubscribe)
>>>>> >>>>
>>>>> >>>>
>>>>> >>>>
>>>>> >>>
>>>>> >>> _______________________________________________
>>>>> >>> INDOLOGY mailing list
>>>>> >>> INDOLOGY at list.indology.info
>>>>> >>> indology-owner at list.indology.info (messages to the list's managing
>>>>> >>> committee)
>>>>> >>> http://listinfo.indology.info (where you can change your list
>>>>> options or
>>>>> >>> unsubscribe)
>>>>> >>>
>>>>> >>
>>>>> >>
>>>>> >>
>>>>> >> --
>>>>> >> Nagaraj Paturi
>>>>> >>
>>>>> >> Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA.
>>>>> >>
>>>>> >> Former Senior Professor of Cultural Studies
>>>>> >>
>>>>> >> FLAME School of Communication and FLAME School of  Liberal
>>>>> Education,
>>>>> >>
>>>>> >> (Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA )
>>>>> >>
>>>>> >>
>>>>> >>
>>>>> >>
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>> >--
>>>>> >Nagaraj Paturi
>>>>> >
>>>>> >Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA.
>>>>> >
>>>>> >Former Senior Professor of Cultural Studies
>>>>> >
>>>>> >FLAME School of Communication and FLAME School of  Liberal Education,
>>>>> >
>>>>> >(Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA )
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> --
>>>>> Nagaraj Paturi
>>>>>
>>>>> Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA.
>>>>>
>>>>> Former Senior Professor of Cultural Studies
>>>>>
>>>>> FLAME School of Communication and FLAME School of  Liberal Education,
>>>>>
>>>>> (Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA )
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> --
>>>> Nagaraj Paturi
>>>>
>>>> Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA.
>>>>
>>>> Former Senior Professor of Cultural Studies
>>>>
>>>> FLAME School of Communication and FLAME School of  Liberal Education,
>>>>
>>>> (Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA )
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> --
>>> Nagaraj Paturi
>>>
>>> Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA.
>>>
>>> Former Senior Professor of Cultural Studies
>>>
>>> FLAME School of Communication and FLAME School of  Liberal Education,
>>>
>>> (Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA )
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>
>>
>>
>> --
>> Nagaraj Paturi
>>
>> Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA.
>>
>> Former Senior Professor of Cultural Studies
>>
>> FLAME School of Communication and FLAME School of  Liberal Education,
>>
>> (Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA )
>>
>>
>>
>>
>
>
>
> --
> Nagaraj Paturi
>
> Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA.
>
> Former Senior Professor of Cultural Studies
>
> FLAME School of Communication and FLAME School of  Liberal Education,
>
> (Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA )
>
>
>
>

-- 
Nagaraj Paturi

Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA.

Former Senior Professor of Cultural Studies

FLAME School of Communication and FLAME School of  Liberal Education,

(Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA )

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