Re: [INDOLOGY] Searching for a little-known Nyāya

Fri Jun 26 13:07:26 UTC 2015

Dear Suresh

That was the point I was making: that hares, but not rabbits, are native to India. (The same is true of the UK, but our rabbits were introduced quite early, probably in Roman times.) It sounds as though the Sanskrit word for hare has been generalised to cover leporids in general, while English has kept the cognate IE word just for the hare and added the word ‘rabbit’ (of unknown origin) for the introduced species.

Valerie

> On 26 Jun 2015, at 13:08, Suresh Kolichala <suresh.kolichala at gmail.com> wrote:
> 
> Valerie: aren't black-naped hares (Lepus nigricollis), also known as Indian hares, native to India? As you may know, Dravidian languages have a non-IA word for rabbit/hare: *mucal/muyal (Telugu kundēlu is an interesting exception). Are there any other non-IE words for hare in other Indian languages? I think the words kharabhaka/ kharagoś  (खरगोश) 'donkey's ears'  are of recent origin, and perhaps have a Persian connection. 
> 
> Elliot: You are right about the language in the video. It is indeed Telugu -- distinctly the Telangana variety. The kids are indeed speaking Americanized English. They must be one of the Telugu-American immigrant families.  
> 
> Walter:  I heard mahānasa-śaśa-nyāya (rabbit in the kitchen -- easy to catch) and śaśa-viṣāṇa-nyāya (a hare's horn -- a term for an impossibility), but not the one you mentioned. I know śaśi as moon  (in compound form forśaśin is moon), but not as a feminine form of śaśa. Does any other Indian language show an equivalent of śaśī-sarpa-nyāya?
> 
> Suresh.
> 
> On Fri, Jun 26, 2015 at 2:20 AM, Elliot Stern <emstern at verizon.net <mailto:emstern at verizon.net>> wrote:
> The National Geographic Society identifies the rabbit as a female cottontail rabbit and the snake as a black rat snake {http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/06/150624-rabbits-snakes-animals-science-nation-video/ <http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/06/150624-rabbits-snakes-animals-science-nation-video/>). It places the video source somewhere in the eastern United States. While I have not set foot in India since 1982, I believe the architectural features of the house and the lush green grass  in the video are more likely to be American than Indian. 
> 
> The South Indian language is possibly Telugu. ammā is mother and nannā is father. To my ear, the child’s English language  sounds more  American than Indian.
> 
> 
> Elliot M. Stern
> 552 South 48th Street
> Philadelphia, PA 19143-2029
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> emstern at verizon.net <mailto:emstern at verizon.net>
>> On 26 Jun  2015, at 01:40, Valerie Roebuck <vjroebuck at btinternet.com <mailto:vjroebuck at btinternet.com>> wrote:
>> 
>> One odd thing: the animal in the video does indeed appear to be a rabbit, as distinct from a hare. I thought that rabbits were not native to India, and that the word śaśa referred to a hare (the words ‘hare’ and ‘śaśa' probably being cognates). Of course, they may well behave in the same way when their young are threatened, but they are different species.
>> 
>> Valerie J Roebuck
>> Manchester, UK
>> 
>>> On 25 Jun 2015, at 23:49, Walter Slaje <slaje at kabelmail.de <mailto:slaje at kabelmail.de>> wrote:
>>> 
>>> This video is so convincing that the idea of a śaśīsarpanyāya develops all by itself, even without ever having heard of it before. Great!
>>> 
>>> Jan's likely assumption that this textually unattested nyāya might "have been based on actual observation" reminds one all the more painfully of our insufficient knowledge of realia and the material culture of pre-modern India.
>>> 
>>> Speaking of nyāyas - and we may as well include the kavi-samayas, the ideological and material roots of which still remain unexplored by and large -, I should like to draw your attention to a promising rumour according to which the Indological Section of the DMG (German Oriental Society) consider a prize competition for cracking the history of development of some of the toughest nyāya- and kavisamaya-nuts. This might possibly materialize in the broader context of the 33rd Deutscher Orientalistentag to be held from the 18th to the 22nd of September 2017 in Jena, Germany (the domain of, among others, Otto von Böhtlingk and the Schlegel brothers).
>>> I am not well informed enough, but would advise an occasional glance at the homepage of the Section (http://www.dmg-web.de/indologie/index.html <http://www.dmg-web.de/indologie/index.html>) in the run-up to the Orientalistentag in 2017. So, plenty of time for warming-up.
>>> 
>>> Many thanks, and kind regards,
>>> WS
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 2015-06-25 13:40 GMT+02:00 Patrick Olivelle <jpo at uts.cc.utexas.edu <mailto:jpo at uts.cc.utexas.edu>>:
>>> Walter and all:
>>> 
>>> I do not know abut this maxim, but this real life video of a mother rabbit doing just what the maxim say could be instructive. It was probably filmed somewhere in south India, I am not sure of the language of the people taping it.
>>> 
>>> Patrick
>>> 
>>> http://zeenews.india.com/news/world/watch-the-epic-fight-here-rabbit-battling-a-snake-to-protect-her-bunnies_1619126.html <http://zeenews.india.com/news/world/watch-the-epic-fight-here-rabbit-battling-a-snake-to-protect-her-bunnies_1619126.html>
>>> 
>>> The South Indian language is possibly Telugu. 
>>> 
>>> On Jun 25, 2015, at 3:24 AM, Walter Slaje <slaje at kabelmail.de <mailto:slaje at kabelmail.de>> wrote:
>>> 
>>>> Dear Colleagues,
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> I am searching for textual evidence of a little-known Nyāya.
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> In an article by Soutik Biswas “Why India's sanitation crisis kills women” (BBC News India, 30 May 2014), it was claimed that “Several studies have shown that women without toilets at home are vulnerable to sexual violence when travelling to and from public facilities or open fields. [...]“. One mother told researchers, “We have had one-on-one fights with thugs in order to save our daughters from getting raped. It then becomes a fight that either you [the thug] kill me to get to my daughter, or you back off.”
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> This courageous behaviour of mothers fighting for her girls at the risk of their own lives reminds one of the śaśī-sarpa-nyāya (“the bunny and the snake”), known to some by hearsay only, but not (yet) traceable. The generalization here lies certainly in the fact that a (physically weaker) female (śaśī) effectively fights a (physically stronger) male (sarpa). The latter would be the aggressor(s), the victim(s) the (female) bunny and/or her young.
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> The rare feminine formation śaśī causes no real trouble, as occurrences of the word are anyway testified in the Mokṣopāya (VI.34.103) and in Ratnākaraśānti’s Vidagdhavismāpana (175) [written communication by Roland Steiner].
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> In connection of the very idea behind this nyāya, I should also like to add that Gandhi could indeed have been aware of a similar popular maxim, as he refers explicitly to “the violence of the mouse against the cat“, writing that
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> “A girl who attacks her assailant with her nails, if she has grown them, or with her teeth, if she has them [? W.S.], is almost non-violent (...). Her violence is the violence of the mouse against the cat.“ (Harijan, 08-09-1940).
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> On the other hand, Gandhi had
>>>> 
>>>> „(...) always held that it is physically impossible to violate a woman against her will. (…) If she cannot meet the assailant’s physical might, her purity will give her the strength to die before he succeeds in violating her. (…) I know that women are capable of throwing away their lives for a much lesser purpose.” (Harijan, 25-08-1940).
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> The statement in the last paragraph, only cited for its somewhat conflicting character with the first one, would, if further pursued, however lead into an entirely different matter, better not to be touched.
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> I would be fully satisfied if someone among this learned community could contribute to the mysterious śaśīsarpanyāya, on- or off-list.
>>>> 
>>>>  
>>>> Thanking you,
>>>> 
>>>> WS
>>>> 
>>>>  
>>>> -----------------------------
>>>> Prof. Dr. Walter Slaje
>>>> Hermann-Löns-Str. 1
>>>> D-99425 Weimar
>>>> Deutschland
>>>> 
>>>> Ego ex animi mei sententia spondeo ac polliceor
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>>>> non sordidi lucri causa nec ad vanam captandam gloriam,
>>>> sed quo magis veritas propagetur et lux eius, qua salus
>>>> humani generis continetur, clarius effulgeat.
>>>> Vindobonae, die XXI. mensis Novembris MCMLXXXIII. 
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