[INDOLOGY] Candrikā

Jean-Luc Chevillard jeanluc.chevillard at gmail.com
Fri Jul 11 16:01:47 UTC 2025


Dear Andrew,

I see that Beschi's Tamil-Latin dictionary (finished in 1742 or 1743) 
has an entry செந்திரிக்கை [centirikkai]

(this is from the edition printed in 1882)

(this is from a manuscript dated 1778, preserved in Copenhagen)

and that Proença's Vocabulario Tamulico, printed in 1679 in Ambalacata has

The page is online on the Vatican web site at
https://digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Borg.ind.12/513

Best wishes

-- Jean-Luc

https://www.tamilex.uni-hamburg.de/team/chevillard.html


On 11.07.2025 16:46, Andrew Ollett via INDOLOGY wrote:
> Dear all,
>
> Thanks very much for the references you've passed on (both on- and 
> off-list). It looks like plenty of "palm-leaf rolls" survive, mostly 
> from Nepal, but also from South India. One reference I found useful is 
> this paper by S. R. Sarma: 
> https://brill.com/display/book/9789004223479/B9789004223479-s012.xml
>
> The only thing I've seen which discusses the way that such rolls are 
> referred to in primary sources is Eva Wilden's 2013 article on "Eight 
> Uses of Palm Leaf": 
> https://www.csmc.uni-hamburg.de/publications/mc/files/articles/mc05-articles-wilden.pdf 
> There she mentions the words /maṭi/ (/veḷ ōlai/) and /muṭaṅkal /(in 
> the /Akanāṉūṟu/ and the /Cilappatikāram/ respectively). Nothing (so 
> far) on /candrikā/ or its equivalents, or other terms for the envelope 
> or fastener of palm-leaf rolls.
>
> Andrew
>
> On Thu, Jul 10, 2025 at 4:45 AM Michaels, Prof. Dr. Axel via INDOLOGY 
> <indology at list.indology.info> wrote:
>
>     Dear all,
>
>     the earliest palm-roll in Nepal is from 11^th century. The title
>     of Bernhard Koelver’s book mentioned by Michael Witzel is:
>     /Documents from the Rudravar//ṇa-Mahāvihāra, Pā//ṭan. 1. Sales and
>     mortgages./ VGH-Wissenschaftsverlag, Sankt Augustin 1985
>     (Nepalica, Band 1). The Heidelberg Nepal Research Group is working
>     on scanning and restituting a private collection of 430 palm rolls
>     from the 13^th to  18^th century. The term /candrikå/ is not used
>     in this context.
>
>     The oldest palm leaf document from Nepal is probably described by
>     Kamal P. Malla: “The Earliest Dated Document in Newari. The Palm
>     leaf from Uku Bahãh NS 235/AD 1114”, /Kailash///16 (1–2): 15–25.
>
>     Best greetings
>
>     Axel Michaels
>
>     *From: *INDOLOGY <indology-bounces at list.indology.info> on behalf
>     of "indology at list.indology.info" <indology at list.indology.info>
>     *Reply to: *Michael Witzel <witzel at fas.harvard.edu>
>     *Date: *Friday, 4. July 2025 at 09:20
>     *To: *Manu Francis <manufrancis at gmail.com>
>     *Cc: *"indology at list.indology.info" <indology at list.indology.info>
>     *Subject: *Re: [INDOLOGY] Candrikā
>
>     Dear all
>
>     In Nepal we have hundreds of rolled up sealed  palm leaf strips
>
>     The oldest probably from 1,420 CE
>
>     However they are tightly rolled up with no visible air space and
>     then sealed. I will look for an example
>
>     They usually contain records of land sales, rent and the like
>
>     Many have been published by my late friend Bernhard  Kölver
>
>     I vaguely recall that even older ones have been found in a
>     Patan/lalitpur monastery. Will look it up.
>
>     Michael Witzel  ( residence : Zushi Japan)
>
>     Sent from my iPhone
>
>
>
>         On Jul 4, 2025, at 00:04, Manu Francis via INDOLOGY
>         <indology at list.indology.info> wrote:
>
>         Dear Andrew,
>
>         Here is an example of rolled and sealed leaves from the BnF:
>
>         https://tst-project.github.io/mss/Indien_1037.xml
>         <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__tst-2Dproject.github.io_mss_Indien-5F1037.xml&d=DwMFaQ&c=WO-RGvefibhHBZq3fL85hQ&r=tFXzIbyKS2C0TpVqKsMrj46qwsAermBN5wzaDe51So0&m=ax6oUvcnJVS2Mzkju2Td4wx9zNbrTC0CYdJmW2zJiT7H4Kf4-H69vWokK72wLyd8&s=Js_HEXHX9HGHG_eqCdTd_Ul4qUpIK6fzo9wH43R2pQA&e=>
>
>         And attached an article by Eva Wilden. See p. 70.
>
>         Yours.
>
>         Manu
>
>         -----------------------------------------
>
>         *Emmanuel FRANCIS-GONZE*
>
>         Chargé de recherche CNRS
>
>         Centre d’études sud-asiatiques et himalayennes
>
>         2 Cours des Humanités
>
>         93322 AUBERVILLIERS
>
>         bureau A222
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>         ✆01 88 12 01 82
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>         Online CV HAL
>         <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__cv.archives-2Douvertes.fr_emmanuel-2Dfrancis&d=DwMFaQ&c=WO-RGvefibhHBZq3fL85hQ&r=tFXzIbyKS2C0TpVqKsMrj46qwsAermBN5wzaDe51So0&m=ax6oUvcnJVS2Mzkju2Td4wx9zNbrTC0CYdJmW2zJiT7H4Kf4-H69vWokK72wLyd8&s=pLYiihZf9OYNnCbohQWxGhfuVeM0JQqx7_vvSzxGi84&e=>
>
>         Le jeu. 3 juil. 2025 à 00:04, Andrew Ollett via INDOLOGY
>         <indology at list.indology.info> a écrit :
>
>             Dear colleagues,
>
>             Another question: I've seen one reference (below) to
>             something called a "candrikā" in Sanskrit that was
>             apparently used as a kind of cover for a written
>             palm-leaf. It has entered several dictionaries in this
>             sense (Kannada candrike, Telugu candrika, Tamil
>             cantirakam). Does anyone have any further references for
>             this? Or some references for the practice of rolling up
>             written palm leaves and sealing them, which I suspect is
>             what's going on here?
>
>             Primary sources:
>
>             - Sundarī and Kamalā's Camatkārataraṅgiṇī
>             <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__archive.org_details_in.ernet.dli.2015.79729_page_n179_mode_2up&d=DwMFaQ&c=WO-RGvefibhHBZq3fL85hQ&r=tFXzIbyKS2C0TpVqKsMrj46qwsAermBN5wzaDe51So0&m=ax6oUvcnJVS2Mzkju2Td4wx9zNbrTC0CYdJmW2zJiT7H4Kf4-H69vWokK72wLyd8&s=-2GTyIK5UkFgkp72xBjM4k7flOWGBnxAxRt2VdB4Zhs&e=>
>             (comm. on Rājaśēkhara's Viddhaśālabhañjikā)
>
>             Andrew
>
>
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