[INDOLOGY] Whitney and doubling of "ch"

Fri Oct 20 15:11:40 UTC 2023

I am not a grammarian but I must confess that I do not understand the following passage in this interesting article, which appears to have forgotten that the rules of external sandhi (generally) apply to words forming compounds, and that the sandhi between words forming compounds cannot be rightly called "internal sandhi". I quote:

Pāṇinian grammar records compulsory gemination of ch when preceded by (i) a short vowel in both internal and external sandhis (Aṣṭādhyāyī́ 6.1.73: ché ca) as in svacchāyā and tena cchinnam, (ii) the particles ā and mā in both internal and external sandhis (Aṣṭādhyāyī́ 6.1.74: āṅmā́ṅoś ca) as in  ā cchāyā and mā cchaitsīt (iii) a long vowel in internal sandhi (Aṣṭādhyāyī́ 6.1.75: dīrghā́t) as in vicācchāyate. Optional gemination of ch is prescribed only when preceded by a long vowel in an internal sandhi (Aṣṭādhyāyī́ 6.1.76: padā́ntād vā) as in mālā chinnā or mālā cchinnā. There are not many words in Sanskrit which begin with ch and therefore, as the rules of grammar suggest, a non-conjunct ch is fairly rare.

In (i) the example of "internal sandhi" should have been e.g. gacchati or icchati
(ii) with ā and mā it concerns "external sandhi" only, even if the prefix ā is used in composition
(iii) ok in this case, the Kāśikāvṛttī gives the list of verbal forms: hrīcchati, mlecchati, apacācchāyate, vicācchāyate (the last two ones made with apa- and vi- on cho 4 P. (chyati, acchāt-acchāsīt, caus. chāyayati) - McD gives here the subst. mleccha-
(iv) should be corrected into "in an external sandhi", ex. sā chinatti or cchinatti, badarī(c)chāyā (Renou §8)

Le 20 oct. 2023 à 15:34, Dominik Wujastyk via INDOLOGY <indology at list.indology.info<mailto:indology at list.indology.info>> a écrit :

This paper may be of interest in the context of scribal practice:

  *
Chakraborty, Deepro, Jason Eric Birch, Dominik Wujastyk, Andrey Klebanov, Harshal Bhatt, Madhusudan Rimal, and Vandana Lele. 2021. “The Graphemes Ch and Cch in the Nepalese Script.” Academia Letters, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.20935/al3954.

On Fri, 20 Oct 2023 at 03:45, Nagaraj Paturi via INDOLOGY <indology at list.indology.info<mailto:indology at list.indology.info>> wrote:
This discussion of paurushetva and apaurusheyatva of the Vedas is not related to , so a digression from the present relevant topic of primacy of orality while deciding the 'spelling' of certain phonetic/phomemic sequences.

Prof. Hock, Hans Henrich brought up the pertinent point of primacy of orality while deciding the 'spelling'  and Sri Harry Spier too rightly is focusing his attention on that aspect and trying to know the history / chronology of the shift from orality alone situation to literate (oral-literate dual ? ) situation..

गीती शीघ्री शिरःकम्पी तथा लिखितपाठकः ।
अनर्थज्ञोऽल्पकण्ठश्च षडेते पाठकाधमाः ।। ३२ ।।

is from पाणिनीयशिक्षा/सप्तमखण्डः available here<https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%83>.

So , that is the reason , the guru in Pune was apologetic in saying that the sishyas were using the printed version only tentatively.

On Fri, Oct 20, 2023 at 12:21 PM alakendu das via INDOLOGY <indology at list.indology.info<mailto:indology at list.indology.info>> wrote:
Mr. Hart,
Mahabharata's  'Shantiparva ( 210/19)  specifically mentions the Apaurasheya " nature of the Vedas.

" Hrrishaya MantraDrashtarO
   Na tu Bedasya Kartaro"
 Na Kaschid Veda Karta cha
 VedaSmarta Chaturbhuja".

SayanaAcharya's commentary on Vedas, too, reflects an identical view

"Josya niswashitam Veda jo VedabhyaAkhilam Jogot. "....

I apologise for my inability to type in Sanskrit.

Any further elucidation/ correction  on the above would be highly beneficial.

Regards
Alakendu Das

From: indology at list.indology.info<mailto:indology at list.indology.info>
Sent: Fri, 20 Oct 2023 03:04:48
To: Indology List <indology at list.indology.info<mailto:indology at list.indology.info>>
Subject: Re: [INDOLOGY] Whitney and doubling of "ch"

Well, perhaps not entirely apauruṣeya. See the RV:

ए॒तं ते॒ स्तोमं॑ तुविजात॒ विप्रो॒ रथं॒ न धीरः॒ स्वपा॑ अतक्षम् ।
यदीद॑ग्ने॒ प्रति॒ त्वं दे॑व॒ हर्याः॒ स्व॑र्वतीर॒प ए॑ना जयेम ॥ ५.००२.११

On Oct 19, 2023, at 12:13 PM, alakendu das via INDOLOGY <indology at list.indology.info<mailto:indology at list.indology.info>> wrote:

Mr. Spier,

What we have learnt from Indological studies, Vedas were never written. We call it "Apaurasheya"... i. e. not written.
The Vedic Mantras came as revealations to the seers( we call them 'Drashta" i. e. one who sees) while in Meditation.
The hymns or mantras were then recited orally and passed on across generations of disciples. who memorised them.
Finally, sage Vyasa arranged a compilation and  divided them among his 4 disciples namely, Poilo, Boishampayan, Jaimini and Sumanta.
Thus we got the 4 Vedas

In the 19th Century, Max Mueller edited the
Vedas.

Regards

Alakendu  Das.

From: indology at list.indology.info<mailto:indology at list.indology.info>
Sent: Thu, 19 Oct 2023 19:40:15
To: "Hock, Hans Henrich" <hhhock at illinois.edu<mailto:hhhock at illinois.edu>>
Cc: McComas Taylor via INDOLOGY <indology at list.indology.info<mailto:indology at list.indology.info>>
Subject: Re: [INDOLOGY] Whitney and doubling of "ch"

Hans Heinrich Hock wrote:
Whatever the motivation may be for the spelling with a single <ch> in the Rig Veda (and let’s keep in mind that the “real” Rig Veda is oral),
1) Can someone point me to some article on when and why the Rg-veda was first written down . what script etc.  Was it a British initiative or was the whole or parts written down before the colonial period?  I've seen in a modern Taittiriya Vedashala the students practicing some of their mantras using  written material.  Did the medieval and later Vedashalas also use written materials to teach their students?

2) Is it possible that this  "Rg-veda written spelling gachati etc." is just a reflection of what was written when the Rg-veda was first written down?

Thanks,
Harry Spier

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