[INDOLOGY] 22 sacrifices

Fri Feb 4 20:38:07 UTC 2022

Dear Herman,

If the number is 21 rather than 22 (as the passage you quote indicates), it may refer to the 7 somayajñas + 7 haviryajñas (iṣṭi rites) + 7 pākayajñas, a comprehensive rubrication of Vedic ritual laid out in the Karmāntasūtra appended to the Baudhāyana Śrautasūtra (24.4).  Baudhāyana Gṛhyasūtra 1.1.1–12 describes the seven pākayajñas as:
huta: “when [the offering] is made in the fire” (yad dhūyate)
prahuta: “when, after a fire-offering, something is given” (yad dhutvā dīyate)
āhuta: “when, after a fire-offering and a gift, something is received” (yad dhutvā dattvā cādīyate)
śūlagava: “when they skewer pieces of cow-meat on spits and cook them” (yac chūleṣūpanikṣya[1] gavyāni śrapayanti)
baliharaṇa: “when they scatter food for the gods of the household” (yad gṛhyābhyo devatābhyo ’nnaṃ saṃprakiranti)
pratyavarohaṇa: “when they adopt the low bed from season to season” (yad ṛto ṛtuṃ pratyavarohanti)
aṣṭakāhoma: “when food is prepared during the ekāṣṭaka rite” (yad ekāṣṭakāyām annaṃ kriyate)[2]

The classification into seven here reflects a desire for symmetry with the two types of śrauta rites to yield three 7-member lists — pākayajña, haviryajña, somayajña — as stated in BGParibhāṣasūtra 1.6.22.

For my discussion of this, see:
“Baudhāyanīya Contributions to Smārta Hinduism,” in: Vedic Śākhās: Past, Present, Future. Proceedings of the Fifth International Vedic Workshop, Bucharest 2011, edited by Jan E.M. Houben, Julieta Rotaru & Michael Witzel. Harvard Oriental Series, Opera Minora 9 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard, 2016), pp. 591–606.
https://www.academia.edu/3250233/Baudh%C4%81yan%C4%ABya_Contributions_to_Sm%C4%81rta_Hinduism
Warm wishes,
Tim

Timothy Lubin
Jessie Ball duPont Professor of Religion and Adjunct Professor of Law
Chair of the Department of Religion
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Washington and Lee University
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From: INDOLOGY <indology-bounces at list.indology.info> on behalf of INDOLOGY <indology at list.indology.info>
Reply-To: "Tieken, H.J.H. (Herman)" <H.J.H.Tieken at hum.leidenuniv.nl>
Date: Friday, February 4, 2022 at 3:21 PM
To: INDOLOGY <indology at list.indology.info>
Subject: [INDOLOGY] 22 sacrifices

Dear List members,
In Puṟanāṉūṟu 166 a brahmin is described who had "performed to perfection all twenty-one kinds of sacrifices" (trsl. Hart and Heifetz). I am at a loss which 22 sacrifices are referred to here; that is to say, I do not know where to look. I hope someone has a suggestion.
With kind regards, Herman

Herman Tieken
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[1] em.; upanikṣyā N; upanitya Bh; folio missing in B; here and in similar contexts, M and C have upanīkṣya (M listing upanikṣipya as a variant).
[2] Mentioned already at BŚS 3.10.5.
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