[INDOLOGY] Re: -t/-d

[Madhav Deshpande]

Dear Mark,

     This divergence goes back to the Śaunakīya-Caturādhyāyika [rule
1.1.10] which reads: *prathamāntāni tr̥tīyāntānīti Śaunakasya pratijñānaṃ n*
a* vr̥ttiḥ*, "It is a precept of Śaunaka that the words [*padas*] ending in
the first members of the stop-series, i.e. voiceless unaspirated stops,
should rather end in the third members, i.e. voiced unaspirated stops. Such
however, is not the recitational practice." [HOS 52]. So, should a pada end
as *tat *or *tad* seems to have been a very long debate. The practice of
the Śaunakīya-Atharvaveda Padapāṭha, as noted in the Atharva-Prātiśākhya
reads: *tat iti takārāntaṃ Śaunake*.  This is also the case in the
manuscripts of the Padapāṭha and Jaṭāpāṭha that I used for my edition in
the *Recitational Permutations of the Śaunakīya Atharvaveda *[HOS 61].
Such is also the practice of the RV Padapāṭha. But as the rule in the
Śaunakīya-Caturādhyāyikā shows, there was a dispute among different
scholars about this.

Madhav M. Deshpande
Professor Emeritus, Sanskrit and Linguistics
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Senior Fellow, Oxford Center for Hindu Studies
Adjunct Professor, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bangalore, India

[Residence: Campbell, California, USA]


On Wed, Mar 3, 2021 at 6:33 PM Mark Allon via INDOLOGY <
indology at list.indology.info> wrote:

> Dear list members,
>
>
>
> There seems to be inconsistency in modern Sanskrit grammars as to whether
> the stems of pronouns and declined forms end in *-d* or *-t*.
>
>
>
> MacDonnell’s *Sanskrit Grammar for Students* has the stems as *mad,
> asmad, tvad, yuṣmad, ta(d), ya(d)*, listing the abl. forms of the
> personal pronouns as *mad, tvad, asmad, yuṣmad*. Of *tad *he gives the
> nom. acc. sg. n. as * tad* but lists the abl. sg. as *tasmāt*.
>
>
>
> Kale’s *Higher Sanskrit Grammar* similarly gives the stems forms in *-d*,
> has * tad* for nom. acc. sg. n., but abl. *tasmāt*.
>
>
>
> *Devavāṇīpreveśika* gives all stem and declined forms in *-t*.
>
>
>
> Whitney’s *Sanskrit Grammar* does not seem to list the stems of the
> personal pronouns but gives the abl. singulars in *-t* as he does with
> the dem. sg. *tasm**āt*, *asmāt*.
>
>
>
> Presumably the *-t* forms are influenced by the rule concerning permitted
> finals (*k, ṭ, t, p, ṅ, n, m* and *ḥ*), but I take this to refer to
> sandhi in the context of sentence formation.
>
>
>
> Can we say whether *-d* or *-t* forms are original?
>
>
>
> Regards
>
> Mark
>
>
>
> Dr Mark Allon
>
> Chair, Dept. of Indian Subcontinental Studies
>
> The University of Sydney
>
> Australia
>
>
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