Dear Mark,

This divergence goes back to the Śaunakīya-Caturādhyāyika [rule 1.1.10] which reads: prathamāntāni tr̥tīyāntānīti Śaunakasya pratijñānaṃ na vr̥ttiḥ, "It is a precept of Śaunaka that the words [padas] ending in the first members of the stop-series, i.e. voiceless unaspirated stops, should rather end in the third members, i.e. voiced unaspirated stops. Such however, is not the recitational practice." [HOS 52]. So, should a pada end as tat or tad seems to have been a very long debate. The practice of the Śaunakīya-Atharvaveda Padapāṭha, as noted in the Atharva-Prātiśākhya reads: tat iti takārāntaṃ Śaunake. This is also the case in the manuscripts of the Padapāṭha and Jaṭāpāṭha that I used for my edition in the Recitational Permutations of the Śaunakīya Atharvaveda [HOS 61]. Such is also the practice of the RV Padapāṭha. But as the rule in the Śaunakīya-Caturādhyāyikā shows, there was a dispute among different scholars about this.

Madhav M. Deshpande

Professor Emeritus, Sanskrit and Linguistics

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

Senior Fellow, Oxford Center for Hindu Studies

Adjunct Professor, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bangalore, India

[Residence: Campbell, California, USA]

On Wed, Mar 3, 2021 at 6:33 PM Mark Allon via INDOLOGY <indology@list.indology.info> wrote:

Dear list members,

There seems to be inconsistency in modern Sanskrit grammars as to whether the stems of pronouns and declined forms end in -d or -t.

MacDonnell’s Sanskrit Grammar for Students has the stems as mad, asmad, tvad, yuṣmad, ta(d), ya(d), listing the abl. forms of the personal pronouns as mad, tvad, asmad, yuṣmad. Of tad he gives the nom. acc. sg. n. as tad but lists the abl. sg. as tasmāt.

Kale’s Higher Sanskrit Grammar similarly gives the stems forms in -d, has tad for nom. acc. sg. n., but abl. tasmāt.

Devavāṇīpreveśika gives all stem and declined forms in -t.

Whitney’s Sanskrit Grammar does not seem to list the stems of the personal pronouns but gives the abl. singulars in -t as he does with the dem. sg. tasmāt, asmāt.

Presumably the -t forms are influenced by the rule concerning permitted finals (k, ṭ, t, p, ṅ, n, m and ḥ), but I take this to refer to sandhi in the context of sentence formation.

Can we say whether -d or -t forms are original?

Regards

Mark

Dr Mark Allon

Chair, Dept. of Indian Subcontinental Studies

The University of Sydney

Australia

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