[INDOLOGY] yamas and niyamas

Fri Nov 25 22:15:21 UTC 2016

Dear Patrick,

If you are looking for compassion (karuṇā) in Patañjali, you will find it
at YS 1.33, as you probably know. It is a value espoused by Patañjali, just
not as a yama.

Many theistic yoga texts post-Patañjali (i.e., of the Pañcarātras and
Pāśupatas) list 10 yamas and 10 niyamas, not five. Some of these include
compassion (kṛpā or dayā) as one of their 10 yamas. But I don’t know how
far back these traditions of 10 go before Patañjali.

For most modern yogis, the most influential late medieval yoga text is
Svātmarāma's Haṭha-Yoga-Pradīpikā, which lists 10 yamas and 10 niyamas (see
1.18-19). One of the 10 yamas is compassion (dayā). Nowadays yoga
practitioners often conflate Pātañjala and Haṭha Yoga traditions--could
this be a source of your respondent's ideas?

Best wishes,
Andrew

Andrew J. Nicholson
Associate Professor
Graduate Studies Director
Asian & Asian American Studies
Stony Brook University
Stony Brook, NY 11794-5343
(631) 632-4030
http://philosophicalrasika.com/
<http://sbsuny.academia.edu/AndrewNicholson>

> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: patrick mccartney <psdmccartney at gmail.com>
> To: Indology List <indology at list.indology.info>
> Cc:
> Date: Thu, 24 Nov 2016 15:49:01 +1100
> Subject: [INDOLOGY] yamas and niyamas
> Dear Friends,
>
> A recent respondent of mine asserted that 'service' and 'compassion' were
> 2 of the 10 yamas and niyamas. I guess ahiṃsā *could* be indirectly
> translated as 'compassion' for others by being 'non-violent', however,
> 'service' as in 'seva' does not find any mention in the PYS list, which is
> what my respondent was referring to.
>
> While the ideas of 'service' and 'compassion' show a lack of critical
> understanding of the normative, institutionalised convention, I find it
> fascinating how these canonised ideas evolve in a meme-like way,
> unregulated in the minds of yoga practitioners (my respondent is a
> professional yoga teacher). As *many* practitioners of modern yoga assume
> this list has 'stood the test of time' and is as an a priori concept, this
> has made me think about the historicity and development of the yamas and
> niyamas as singular ideas, and as a conjoined pair.
>
> Might it be correct to say that they were first standardised in the PYS as
> 10? Were there any other lists that had a greater or lesser number prior to
> the PYS?  (I'm thinking in a similar way to the development of the
> ṣadcakratantra, and how there were other texts that discussed alternate
> numbers/locations, etc)
>
> Might someone be able to  lead me to a better understanding of the
> development of the yamas and niyamas? I looked through the search option of
> the list but couldn't really find any discussion that pertained
> specifically to my request. Although the discussions on whether some texts
> place a concept in the yama as opposed to the niyama category are quite
> interesting.
>
>
> Thank you.
>
>
> All the best,
>
> Patrick McCartney, PhD
> Fellow
> School of Culture, History & Language
> College of the Asia-Pacific
> The Australian National University
> Canberra, Australia, 0200
>
>
> Skype - psdmccartney
> Phone + Whatsapp:  +61 414 954 748
> Twitter - @psdmccartney
>
>
> academia <https://anu-au.academia.edu/patrickmccartney>
>
>    -
>
> Linkedin
> <https://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=241756978&trk=nav_responsive_tab_profile>
>
> Edanz <https://www.edanzediting.com/expert/anthropology/patrick-mccartney>
>
> #yogabodyANU2016 symposium <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X80KxW2bb0w>
> <http://chl.anu.edu.au/news-events/events/658/yoga-and-body-past-and-present-symposium?#tab>
>
> Ep1 - Imagining Sanskrit Land <https://youtu.be/jMi7tkPBbJ4>
>
> Ep 2 - Total-am <https://youtu.be/7tAp8m9RHPU>
>
> Ep 3 - Jalam ≠ Chillum <https://youtu.be/cLZeuCT_mwQ>
>
> Ep 4 - It's Time to get Married
> <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_B3un7aHEAc>
>
> A Day in our Ashram
> <https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=ek+din+hamaare+ashram+mein>
>
> Stop animation short film of Shakuntala
> <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVqBD_2P4Pg>
>
> Forced to Clean Human Waste <http://youtu.be/y3XfjbwqC_g>
>
> One of my favourite song
> <http://trinityroots.bandcamp.com/track/all-we-be>s
>
> The Philosophy of Cycling
> <http://elibrary.com.ng/UploadFiles/file0_2221.pdf>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: "Clough, Bradley" <Bradley.Clough at mso.umt.edu>
> To: patrick mccartney <psdmccartney at gmail.com>
> Cc: Indology List <indology at list.indology.info>
> Date: Thu, 24 Nov 2016 07:43:51 +0000
> Subject: Re: [INDOLOGY] yamas and niyamas
> Dear Patrick,
>
> The 5 yamas are identical to Jainism’s 5 mahavratas. I assume the
> mahavratas predate the list of yamas in the PYS. I’m sure someone more
> expert than I in Jainism could tell you what date they first appear in Jain
> scriptures.
>
> Best Wishes,
> Brad
>
>
> Dr. Bradley S. Clough
> Liberal Studies/Asian Religions
> LA 101
> The University of Montana
> 32 Campus Drive
> Missoula, MT 59812
>
> bradley.clough at mso.umt.edu<mailto:bradley.clough at mso.umt.edu>
> Phone: 406-243-2837
> Fax: 406-243-4076
>
> On Nov 23, 2016, at 9:49 PM, patrick mccartney <psdmccartney at gmail.com
> <mailto:psdmccartney at gmail.com>> wrote:
>
> Dear Friends,
>
> A recent respondent of mine asserted that 'service' and 'compassion' were
> 2 of the 10 yamas and niyamas. I guess ahiṃsā could be indirectly
> translated as 'compassion' for others by being 'non-violent', however,
> 'service' as in 'seva' does not find any mention in the PYS list, which is
> what my respondent was referring to.
>
> While the ideas of 'service' and 'compassion' show a lack of critical
> understanding of the normative, institutionalised convention, I find it
> fascinating how these canonised ideas evolve in a meme-like way,
> unregulated in the minds of yoga practitioners (my respondent is a
> professional yoga teacher). As many practitioners of modern yoga assume
> this list has 'stood the test of time' and is as an a priori concept, this
> has made me think about the historicity and development of the yamas and
> niyamas as singular ideas, and as a conjoined pair.
>
> Might it be correct to say that they were first standardised in the PYS as
> 10? Were there any other lists that had a greater or lesser number prior to
> the PYS?  (I'm thinking in a similar way to the development of the
> ṣadcakratantra, and how there were other texts that discussed alternate
> numbers/locations, etc)
>
> Might someone be able to  lead me to a better understanding of the
> development of the yamas and niyamas? I looked through the search option of
> the list but couldn't really find any discussion that pertained
> specifically to my request. Although the discussions on whether some texts
> place a concept in the yama as opposed to the niyama category are quite
> interesting.
>
>
> Thank you.
>
>
> All the best,
>
> Patrick McCartney, PhD
> Fellow
> School of Culture, History & Language
> College of the Asia-Pacific
> The Australian National University
> Canberra, Australia, 0200
>
>
> Skype - psdmccartney
> Phone + Whatsapp:  +61 414 954 748
> Twitter - @psdmccartney
>
>
> academia<https://anu-au.academia.edu/patrickmccartney>
>
>   *
>
> Linkedin<https://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=241756978&
> trk=nav_responsive_tab_profile>
>
> Edanz<https://www.edanzediting.com/expert/anthropology/patrick-mccartney>
>
> #yogabodyANU2016 symposium<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X80KxW2bb0w> <
> http://chl.anu.edu.au/news-events/events/658/yoga-and-body-
> past-and-present-symposium?#tab>
>
> Ep1 - Imagining Sanskrit Land<https://youtu.be/jMi7tkPBbJ4>
>
> Ep 2 - Total-am<https://youtu.be/7tAp8m9RHPU>
>
> Ep 3 - Jalam ≠ Chillum<https://youtu.be/cLZeuCT_mwQ>
>
> Ep 4 - It's Time to get Married<https://www.youtube.co
> m/watch?v=_B3un7aHEAc>
>
> A Day in our Ashram<https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=ek+din+h
> amaare+ashram+mein>
>
> Stop animation short film of Shakuntala <https://www.youtube.com/watch
> ?v=LVqBD_2P4Pg>
>
> Forced to Clean Human Waste<http://youtu.be/y3XfjbwqC_g>
>
> One of my favourite song<http://trinityroots.bandcamp.com/track/all-we-be
> >s
>
> The Philosophy of Cycling<http://elibrary.com.ng
> /UploadFiles/file0_2221.pdf>
>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> INDOLOGY mailing list
> INDOLOGY at list.indology.info<mailto:INDOLOGY at list.indology.info>
> indology-owner at list.indology.info (messages to the list's managing
> committee)
> http://listinfo.indology.info (where you can change your list options or
> unsubscribe)
>
>
>
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: Dominik Wujastyk <wujastyk at gmail.com>
> To: Mark McClish <mark.mcclish at northwestern.edu>
> Cc: Arlo Griffiths <arlogriffiths at hotmail.com>, indology <
> INDOLOGY at list.indology.info>
> Date: Thu, 24 Nov 2016 09:11:34 -0700
> Subject: Re: [INDOLOGY] two arthaśāstra sources
> Some manuscripts of the Cākṣuṣīya are listed in NCC v.7, p.1.  It's
> described as a work in 67 sutras "with elaboration and sārthasaṅgrahasūtras
> under each sūtra".
>
> 
> --
> Professor Dominik Wujastyk <http://ualberta.academia.edu/DominikWujastyk>
> ,
>
> Singhmar Chair in Classical Indian Society and Polity
> ,
>
> Department of History and Classics
> <http://historyandclassics.ualberta.ca/>
> ,
> University of Alberta, Canada
> .
>
> South Asia at the U of A:
>
> sas.ualberta.ca
> 
>
>
> On 18 November 2016 at 12:46, Mark McClish <mark.mcclish at northwestern.edu>
> wrote:
>
>> Dear Arlo,
>>
>> I believe those references are to the *Arthaśāstra* commentaries
>> *Jayamaṅgalā* and *Cāṇakyaṭīkā*. The *Cākṣuṣīya *is supposed to be an
>> independent work.
>>
>> I have since found the following entry in Singh’s *Bibliography of
>> Kautiliya Arthasastra*:
>>
>> 459. Ramakrishna, Kavi, M. "Caksusiya." Journal of Sri Venkatesvara
>> Oriental Institute, Vol. 4, Part 1, 1943, pp. 123-128, Vol. 6, Part 2, pp.
>> 33-53.
>>
>> 460. Ramakrishna, Kavi, M. " Chakshushiya: an ancient work on
>> Arthasastra." Annals of Sri Venkatesvara Oriental Institute, Vol. 1, part
>> 4, 1940, pp. 79-89.
>>
>> Does anyone know where these might be available online?
>>
>> All best,
>> Mark
>>
>>
>>
>> On Nov 17, 2016, at 11:38 AM, Arlo Griffiths <arlogriffiths at HOTMAIL.COM>
>> wrote:
>>
>> Dear Mark,
>>
>> Could the second item be the one whose accurate bibliography is
>> elaborately stated in n. 49 of von Hinüber's 2005 article on
>> bhūmicchidranyāya <http://www.jstor.org/stable/43382108
>> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.jstor.org_stable_43382108&d=CwMF_w&c=yHlS04HhBraes5BQ9ueu5zKhE7rtNXt_d012z2PA6ws&r=0VMy4AVIL7ZKIaC4sH1Pm49PWgKJk0KFb86IpzVGC5E&m=NNmM5LkoQZ2u-iubFrAi6y-J9gCAZzg-hP1VasMcmBw&s=7l0EE4Ma2FHT1PbQYkraYLyyc1ovF3C0u3eS5liGHBs&e=>
>> >?
>>
>> Best wishes,
>>
>> Arlo Griffiths
>>
>>
>> www.jstor.org
>> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.jstor.org_stable_43382108&d=CwMF_w&c=yHlS04HhBraes5BQ9ueu5zKhE7rtNXt_d012z2PA6ws&r=0VMy4AVIL7ZKIaC4sH1Pm49PWgKJk0KFb86IpzVGC5E&m=NNmM5LkoQZ2u-iubFrAi6y-J9gCAZzg-hP1VasMcmBw&s=7l0EE4Ma2FHT1PbQYkraYLyyc1ovF3C0u3eS5liGHBs&e=>
>> www.jstor.org
>> Title: Der bhūmicchidranyāya Created Date: 20160807204254Z
>>
>>
>> ------------------------------
>> *From:* INDOLOGY <indology-bounces at list.indology.info> on behalf of Mark
>> McClish <mark.mcclish at northwestern.edu>
>> *Sent:* Wednesday, November 16, 2016 7:54 PM
>> *To:* indology
>> *Subject:* [INDOLOGY] two arthaśāstra sources
>>
>> Dear friends,
>>
>> I’m having trouble locating two sources on arthaśāstra, and I hoped
>> someone on the list might be able to help me. I give here the bibliographic
>> information as I have it.
>>
>> *1. Ruben, W. 1929. Study in the Arthaśāstra. Dharwar.* (This is cited
>> in Sternbach’s *Bibliography of Kauṭilya Arthaśāstra*, which has a
>> number of errors, as well as, at least, Botto’s article on *dvaidhībhāva*
>>  in *India Maior*). Worldcat has the following, but I couldn’t get it
>> from the British Library to see if it is the same:
>>
>> <image002.jpg>
>>
>> *2. Kavi, Ramakrishna. [title unknown: multiple articles on and text of
>> the Cākṣuṣīya Arthaśāstra]. Journal of the Venkatesvara Oriental Institute.
>> 1:79-89; 3:99-116; 4:123-128; 4:129-140; 6:129-140(?). *This comes from
>> Kane I p. 152ff.
>>
>> With thanks in advance for any help hunting down any of these.
>>
>> All best,
>> Mark
>>
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> INDOLOGY mailing list
>> INDOLOGY at list.indology.info
>> indology-owner at list.indology.info (messages to the list's managing
>> committee)
>> http://listinfo.indology.info (where you can change your list options or
>> unsubscribe)
>>
>
>
>
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: Dominik Wujastyk <wujastyk at gmail.com>
> To: Harry Spier <hspier.muktabodha at gmail.com>
> Cc: Peter Scharf <scharfpm7 at gmail.com>, Indology <
> indology at list.indology.info>
> Date: Thu, 24 Nov 2016 09:21:01 -0700
> Subject: Re: [INDOLOGY] Diacriticals in unicode, single or multiple glyphs
> Dear Harry, the documentation in the "document header" of each SARIT file
> notes that the encoding is IAST, and notes where that differs from the ISO
> standard.  Thus, the document header of the Astangahrdayasamhita file, to
> pick one at random, has this statement:
>
> Editorial Description
>
> The published edition from which this e-text was transcribed is printed in
> the Devanāgarī script. The electronic text below is in a lossless
> transliteration using the Latin alphabet. The transliteration scheme used
> is the IAST (The International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration
> <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Alphabet_of_Sanskrit_Transliteration>).
> IAST differs in small ways from ISO 15919, but is preferred by most working
> Sanskrit scholars. Conversion of this file to ISO 15919 can be achieved by
> performing the following replacements throughout the file: ṛ -> r̥ and ṃ ->
> ṁ
>
> Text divison is as Devanāgarī ("ityevam" not "ity evam".)
>
> Initial vowel elision for avagraha is reversed and marked with a + sign:
> e.g., "prathamo+adhyāyaḥ"
>
>
> The principle behind the SARIT repository is that the e-texts should be
> documented, so that any quirks or editorial decisions are explict and
> up-front.   In addition, there is a revision history for each file.  So if
> you take the file and do something to it, you brieflly note what you've
> done before re-uploading the file.
>
> Best,
> Dominik
>
>
> 
> --
> Professor Dominik Wujastyk <http://ualberta.academia.edu/DominikWujastyk>
> ,
>
> Singhmar Chair in Classical Indian Society and Polity
> ,
>
> Department of History and Classics
> <http://historyandclassics.ualberta.ca/>
> ,
> University of Alberta, Canada
> .
>
> South Asia at the U of A:
>
> sas.ualberta.ca
> 
>
>
> On 18 November 2016 at 18:23, Harry Spier <hspier.muktabodha at gmail.com>
> wrote:
>
>> I've just looked at the Sanskrit Library, SARIT and GRETIL texts and I
>> see that these use IAST transliteration for anusvara (dot under m) while
>> Muktabodha digital library uses ISO15919 for anusvara (dot on top of m).
>>
>> Harry Spier
>>
>> On Fri, Nov 18, 2016 at 11:57 AM, Peter Scharf <scharfpm7 at gmail.com>
>> wrote:
>>
>>> Dear list members,
>>> The Sanskrit Library transcoding facility on line at
>>> http://sanskritlibrary.org/transcodeText.html does indeed transcode to
>>> Romanization using the preferred Unicode composites of characters plus
>>> diacritics.  Our off-line transcoding software
>>>
>>>    - TranscodeFile (Java program)
>>>    <http://sanskritlibrary.org/software/transcodeFile.html>
>>>
>>>  which is downloadable from http://sanskritlibrary.org/downloads.html has
>>> a large array of transcoders one of which transcodes to Romanization using
>>> precomposed Unicode characters that include diacritics.  The problem with
>>> searching that Harry Spier mentions is just one of a number of reasons why
>>> Malcolm Hyman and I designed the Sanskrit Library phonetic encoding for all
>>> our linguistic programming, including both the encoding of texts and
>>> searching, and use Unicode only for display, and data input if desired
>>> (though for the latter purpose SLP and most other meta-encodings are
>>> preferable).  Our book *Linguistic Issues in Encoding Sanskrit*
>>> available at http://sanskritlibrary.org/publications.html discusses the
>>> issues comprehensively.
>>>
>>> Yours,
>>> Peter
>>>
>>> On Fri, Nov 18, 2016 at 6:28 PM, Harry Spier <
>>> hspier.muktabodha at gmail.com> wrote:
>>>
>>>> Dear list members,
>>>>
>>>> In unicode you can write characters with diacriticals with either a
>>>> single glyph or you can combine the character with the diacritical writing
>>>> it in two glyphs.
>>>>
>>>> This is a problem when one searchs sanskrit etexts.
>>>>
>>>> For example, the letters with diacriticals in the Muktabodha digital
>>>> library are written with one glyph and as far as I can see GRETIL does the
>>>> same thing.  But the transcoding utility at  "The Sanskrit Library"
>>>> http://sanskritlibrary.org/transcodeText.html
>>>> combines letters with their diacriticals in two glyphs.
>>>>  So if you used the Sanskrit Library utility to create a transliterated
>>>> word such as for example: *śākti* and then searched texts from
>>>> either GRETIL or Muktabodha for that word your search wouldn't find
>>>> anything.
>>>>
>>>> Thanks,
>>>> Harry Spier
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> INDOLOGY mailing list
>>>> INDOLOGY at list.indology.info
>>>> indology-owner at list.indology.info (messages to the list's managing
>>>> committee)
>>>> http://listinfo.indology.info (where you can change your list options
>>>> or unsubscribe)
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> --
>>> *******************
>>> Peter M. Scharf
>>> scharfpm7 at g <peter.scharf at univ-paris-diderot.fr>mail.com
>>> *******************
>>>
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> INDOLOGY mailing list
>> INDOLOGY at list.indology.info
>> indology-owner at list.indology.info (messages to the list's managing
>> committee)
>> http://listinfo.indology.info (where you can change your list options or
>> unsubscribe)
>>
>
>
>
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: Dominik Wujastyk <wujastyk at gmail.com>
> To: Harry Spier <hspier.muktabodha at gmail.com>
> Cc: Indology <indology at list.indology.info>
> Date: Thu, 24 Nov 2016 09:30:36 -0700
> Subject: Re: [INDOLOGY] Diacriticals in unicode, single or multiple glyphs
> On this issue of combining accents or single pre-combined glyphs, Andrew
> Ollett has already stated the issues.  The Unicode Consortium's
> documentation about this business is at
>
>    - http://unicode.org/reports/tr15/
>
> As Andrew said, the terminology is "Normalization Form," and there are
> several of these, and quite a few points to consider when writing programs
> to work with Unicode.  The Unicode consortium makes available algorithms
> for dealing with all this, and modern text-processing software libraries
> for Unicode are commonly aware of Normalization Forms and "do the right
> thing," so the end-user doesn't have to worry.
>
> This doesn't always work, though.  I find that when I cut-n-paste from
> WorldCat, for example, into JabRef, all the accented letters are retained
> in NFD format, and it's annoying.
>
> Mostly, when we talk about typing IAST with pre-composed, single-glyph
> characters like ā, we're doing what the Unicode people call "Normal Form
> Composed" or NFC.  The files in SARIT and elsewhere are in this format.
>
> Best,
> Dominik
>
>
>
>
> 
> --
> Professor Dominik Wujastyk <http://ualberta.academia.edu/DominikWujastyk>
> ,
>
> Singhmar Chair in Classical Indian Society and Polity
> ,
>
> Department of History and Classics
> <http://historyandclassics.ualberta.ca/>
> ,
> University of Alberta, Canada
> .
>
> South Asia at the U of A:
>
> sas.ualberta.ca
> 
>
>
> On 18 November 2016 at 05:58, Harry Spier <hspier.muktabodha at gmail.com>
> wrote:
>
>> Dear list members,
>>
>> In unicode you can write characters with diacriticals with either a
>> single glyph or you can combine the character with the diacritical writing
>> it in two glyphs.
>>
>> This is a problem when one searchs sanskrit etexts.
>>
>> For example, the letters with diacriticals in the Muktabodha digital
>> library are written with one glyph and as far as I can see GRETIL does the
>> same thing.  But the transcoding utility at  "The Sanskrit Library"
>> http://sanskritlibrary.org/transcodeText.html
>> combines letters with their diacriticals in two glyphs.
>>  So if you used the Sanskrit Library utility to create a transliterated
>> word such as for example: *śākti* and then searched texts from either
>> GRETIL or Muktabodha for that word your search wouldn't find anything.
>>
>> Thanks,
>> Harry Spier
>>
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> INDOLOGY mailing list
>> INDOLOGY at list.indology.info
>> indology-owner at list.indology.info (messages to the list's managing
>> committee)
>> http://listinfo.indology.info (where you can change your list options or
>> unsubscribe)
>>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> INDOLOGY mailing list
> INDOLOGY at list.indology.info
> http://list.indology.info/mailman/listinfo/indology_list.indology.info
>
>

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