Severe Hindi austerities in Kali Yuga?

[Robert Goldman]

I think Luis is no doubt right. By the way, please note my error in  
the previous posting. I meant, of course, that śūdras are not  
(according to the Rāmāyaṇa passage) authorized to perform tapas  
until the Kali (not the Kṛta)  yuga.
Dr. R. P.  Goldman
Professor of Sanskrit
Department of South and Southeast Asian Studies
MC # 2540
The University of California at Berkeley
Berkeley, CA 94720-2540
Tel: 510-642-4089
Fax: 510-642-2409




On Dec 15, 2010, at 1:17 PM, Luis Gonzalez-Reimann wrote:

> I would add that the list of dharmas associated with the yugas in  
> Manusmr̥ti 1.85-86 also appears in the Mahābhārata (12.224.26-27,  
> in the critical edition). The main point of these assignations seems  
> to be to place yajña (Vedic sacrifice) in a bygone yuga, therefore  
> justifying its loss of importance and allowing for other practices  
> to be proclaimed as superior.
>
> Different traditions would then claim that their practices are  
> foremost in the Kali Yuga. Although this is especially true of  
> bhakti traditions  -as seen in Bengali Vaiṣṇavism's assertion  
> that chanting the name of Kr̥ṣṇa is the only way to attain  
> liberation in Kali- others also used this procedure.
>
> Thus, claiming that tapas (austerity) does not belong in Kali can be  
> a way of belittling it in favor of another practice, such as bhakti.  
> This, however, is not the case in the Rāmāyaṇa passage, as  
> explained by Bob Goldman, where the varṇas are the main concern.
>
> Luis González-Reimann
>
> _____
>
> on 12/15/2010 11:10 AM Robert Goldman wrote:
>> The idea that different religious duties are appropriate in the
>> different yugas is widely stated. Compare Manusmṛti 1. 85-86 where
>> aceticism (tapas)  is prescribed for the Kṛta Age, knowledge  
>> (jñāna)
>> for the Tretā, sacrifice (yajña) for the Dvāpara and charity  
>> (dāna)
>> for the Kṛta.
>>
>> Alf is right to note that Nārada delivers a discourse in the
>> Uttarakāṇḍa (sarga 65 of the critical edition) on asceticism  
>> and the
>> yugas. But the ṛṣi's point is rather different. He focuses on  
>> which of
>> the four varṇas are authorized to perform tapas in which yugas. His
>> ultimate point is that śūdras are not so authorized until the  
>> Kṛta.
>> (As, starting with the brahmans, one class is added to the list each
>> yuga). Thus, as the scene is set in the Tretā, the śūdra  
>> Śambūka, is
>> violating dharma and thus merits punishment.
>> Dr. R. P.  Goldman
>> Professor of Sanskrit
>> Department of South and Southeast Asian Studies
>> MC # 2540
>> The University of California at Berkeley
>> Berkeley, CA 94720-2540
>> Tel: 510-642-4089
>> Fax: 510-642-2409
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> On Dec 15, 2010, at 6:22 AM, Alfred Hiltebeitel wrote:
>>
>>> I believe it is Narada who, for one, makes this point to Rama in
>>> justification for the killing of Shambuka in the Valmiki Ramayana
>>> Uttarakanda.
>>>
>>> Alf Hiltebeitel
>>> Professor of Religion and Human Sciences
>>> Department of Religion
>>> 2106 G Street, NW
>>> George Washington University
>>> Washington DC 20052
>>>
>>> ----- Original Message -----
>>> From: Dean Michael Anderson <eastwestcultural at YAHOO.COM>
>>> Date: Wednesday, December 15, 2010 8:40 am
>>> Subject: [INDOLOGY] Severe Hindi austerities in Kali Yuga?
>>> To: INDOLOGY at liverpool.ac.uk
>>>
>>>
>>>> We were discussing the Hindu legends about severe austerities
>>>> performed by Dhruva, Parvati, etc. and it came up that some Hindu
>>>> scriptures say that they are not appropriate for Kali Yugi, i.e.  
>>>> the
>>>> age that we are said to be in now.
>>>> But no one could remember the source of that comment about their
>>>> obsolescence. Does anyone have sources for this?
>>>> Best,
>>>> Dean AndersonEast West Cultural Institute
>>