In ny book, The Tawny One, I suggest rhat the collapse of Bronze Age civilizations, including the Indus, and subsequent, large-scale human migrations (which have been noted by several historians),, was probably due to the eruption of the Santorini volcano (north of Crete) in 1615 BCE). This was the largest volcanic eruption on earth since the last ice age. Trade routes and food chains would have been severely disrupted.<div><br></div><div>Best, Matthew Clark.<br><br>On Sunday, November 6, 2022, Madhav Deshpande via INDOLOGY &lt;<a href="mailto:indology@list.indology.info">indology@list.indology.info</a>&gt; wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Thanks to everyone who responded to my question. The recent Pakistan floods certainly give us an opportunity to think about this matter. Best regards,<div><br></div><div>Madhav</div><div><br clear="all"><div><div dir="ltr" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr">Madhav M. Deshpande<div>Professor Emeritus, Sanskrit and Linguistics</div><div>University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA</div><div>Senior Fellow, Oxford Center for Hindu Studies<br></div><div>Adjunct Professor, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bangalore, India</div><div><br></div><div>[Residence: Campbell, California, USA]<br></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sun, Nov 6, 2022 at 8:07 AM DELIRE  Jean-Michel &lt;<a href="mailto:Jean-Michel.Delire@ulb.be" target="_blank">Jean-Michel.Delire@ulb.be</a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div>




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Here is the title of an article on the subject : The decline of the Harappans, by George F. Dales, in the Scientific American, n°214 (1966).</div>
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<span style="font-size:12pt;margin:0px;color:black;background-color:white">Best,</span>
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<div style="font-size:12pt;margin:0px;color:black;background-color:white"><b style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:small;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;background-color:white">Jean Michel DELIRE</b>
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<i style="font-size:x-small"><b>Lecturer on </b></i><font size="1"><i><b>Science and civilisation of India - Sanskrit Texts - IHEB (ULB)</b></i></font></div>
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<font size="1"><i><b>Member of the Centre National d&#39;Histoire des Sciences (KBR, Bruxelles)</b></i></font></div>
<span style="font-size:small;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0px;color:rgb(34,34,34);background-color:white"><font size="1"><i><b>Member of the Société Asiatique (Paris)</b></i></font></span></div>
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<div dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>De :</b> INDOLOGY &lt;<a href="mailto:indology-bounces@list.indology.info" target="_blank">indology-bounces@list.<wbr>indology.info</a>&gt; de la part de Madhav Deshpande via INDOLOGY &lt;<a href="mailto:indology@list.indology.info" target="_blank">indology@list.indology.info</a>&gt;<br>
<b>Envoyé :</b> dimanche 6 novembre 2022 14:53<br>
<b>À :</b> Indology &lt;<a href="mailto:indology@list.indology.info" target="_blank">indology@list.indology.info</a>&gt;<br>
<b>Objet :</b> [INDOLOGY] Question</font>
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<div dir="ltr">This question occurred to me recently. Does the massive flooding that Pakistan recently experienced give us some possibilities about the demise of the Indus Civilization? Are there any indications of such massive floods in Indus archaeology?
 I would appreciate any suggestions for reading on this topic. Best regards,
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<div dir="ltr">Madhav M. Deshpande
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<div>[Residence: Campbell, California, USA]<br>
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