A fraudulent physician is a swindler without a heart (hṛdaya), that is, he doesn’t possessknowledge of Vāgbhaṭa’s Heart of Medicine. He is not collected (saṃgraha), that is, hedoesn’t possess knowledge of Vāgbhaṭa’s Medical Collection (saṃgraha). Being full offaults (doṣin), he doesn’t diagnose the humors (doṣa). He is a vagrant (caraka), but hedoesn’t understand the Compendium of Caraka.hṛdayavīno dhūrtaḥ saṃgraharahitaḥ sa vaṃcako vaidyaḥ |vakti na doṣān doṣī carakaś carakaṃ na jānāti || 8.34
There's a comprehensive discussion of uses of the word "caraka" in Meulenbeld's HIML, IA, 105 ff. I have nothing new to add to that. GJM said, "The references to Caraka and Carakas discussed so far show that these names are very old and go back to Vedic times." (109).Best,Dominik
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Eric Gurevitch
South Asian Languages and Civilizations and
Committee on Conceptual and Historical Studies of Science
University of Chicago