Thanks, Roland, for these references. While vyaya is a common usage going back to old classical texts, the particular formation of apavyaya is a relatively newer formation. It is more common in modern languages, and probably entered into Sanskrit dictionaries through the usage of some Pandits who were the source for western scholars. That is my best guess.
Madhav M. Deshpande
Professor Emeritus
Sanskrit and Linguistics
University of Michigan
[Residence: Campbell, California]
I assume that the source of MW's entry "apa-vyaya m. (√ i),
prodigality, L." (MW, 1st edition 1872: "apavyaya apa-vyaya, as, m.
(rt. i with apa and vi), prodigality") is probably Wilson's
Sanskrit-English Dictionary: "apavyaya m. (-yaḥ) Prodigality."
Cp. also Böhtlingk/Roth's PW s.v. 1. vyay:
"(von vyaya), vyayati und °te verausgaben, verthun, verschleudern:
kośāṃstvamavyayīḥ Bhaṭṭ. 15, 17. vāri vyayati vāride Spr. (II) 3936.
kṣudramāyamanālocya vyayamānaḥ svavāñchayā 2020. tadavaśiṣṭaṃ ca
bhojanavyayena vyayitam Hit. 98, 17. māṃsam 60, 10. — vyayayati
dass. (vittasamutsaṃrge) Dhātup. 35, 78. gatau und tyāge
Kavikalpadruma im Śkdr."
≈ MW s.v. 1. vyay: "cl. 1. Ā. P. vyayati, °te (rather Nom. fr. vyaya
below), to expend, spend, waste, Bhaṭṭ.; Hit.; Subh.; cl. 10. P.
vyayayati id., Dhātup. xxxv, 78; to go, move, ib."
* * *
See also PW s.v. vyaya:
"2) b) in Verbindung mit kośasya, arthasya, vittasya, dhanasya,
draviṇasya Einbusse —, Hingabe —, Verausgabung —, Aufwand eines
Schatzes u. s. w.: kāle cāsya (kośasya) vyayaṃ kuryāt Kām. Nītis. 5,
87. arthasya saṃgrahe caināṃ vyaye caiva niyojayet M. 9, 11. artha°
Bhāg. P. 5, 26, 36. H. 387. vittasya (vibhūṣaṇaṃ) pātre vyayaḥ Spr.
(II) 1487. vittasya corubhārasya cikīrṣansadvyayam Bhāg. P. 3, 2, 32.
nijavittavyayabhayam Spr. 2380. Sarvadarśanas. 3, 5. dhana° Varāh.
Bṛh. S. 103, 12 (°karī) . Kathās. 75, 34. Rāja-Tar. 8, 748. Daśak.
62, 10. lāvaṇyadraviṇa° Spr. 2667. Ohne solche Ergänzung Ausgabe,
Aufwand (Gegens. āya, āgama, lābha) Ak. 3, 3, 17. H. 1516. P. 1, 3,
36. Vop. 23, 28. vyaye cāmuktahastā Spr. 5140. °parāṅnukhī Yājñ. 1,
83. °madhye Rāja-Tar. 6, 38. Kathās. 52, 317 (pl.). nānāvyayeṣu
57, 138. evaṃ guptanigīrṇāṃstānmṛgayasvāmuto vyayam (wohl vyaye zu
lesen) so v. a. zu Ausgaben 141. dīnārānprāggīrṇānvyayeṣvadāt
151.fg. vibhajāvastāndīnārānasti me vyayaḥ so v. a. mir stehen
Ausgaben bevor 60, 217. Varāh. Bṛh. S. 53, 77. 79, 5. 104, 10. 18.
Pañcat. 138, 4. āyavyayau M. 8, 419. Yājñ. 1, 326. Mbh. 3, 8599.fg.
āye vyaye mahadduḥkham Spr. (II) 605. (I) 5055. kriyatāṃ vyayaḥ (so
ed. Bomb., vyayaṃ ed. Calc.) Mbh. 15, 393. Mārk. P. 81, 14. nātyayaṃ
ca vyayaṃ kuryāt Kām. Nītis. 5, 77. vyayaṃ vyadhā Rāja-Tar. 4, 661.
kaccidāyasyārdhena - vyayaḥ saṃśodhyate tava wird der Aufwand
bestritten? Mbh. 2, 204. tena sarvavyayasaṃśuddhiḥ saṃpadyate Pañcat.
251, 16. kuṭumbārthe kṛto vyayaḥ M. 8, 166. kaccinna pāne dyūte vā
krīḍāsu pramadāsu ca . pratijānanti pūrvāhṇe vyayaṃ vyasanajaṃ tava ..
Ausgaben für Mbh. 2, 203. samutthāna° M. 8, 287. tāmbūlādi° Kathās.
57, 149. bhojana° Hit. 98, 17. gṛha° Pañcat. 251, 18. svalpa° Spr.
2222. 5394. Hit. 46, 8 (°vyaye mit Johns. zu lesen). ati° Spr. (II)
154. 1959. Hit. 104, 15. atula° adj. Rāja-Tar. 8, 733. nityavyayā
adj. Spr. 3132. ardhyapātrānumitavyayasya rāghoḥ so v. a.
Verausgabung alles Geldes Ragh. 5, 12. kuḍya° Kosten Yājñ. 2, 223.
Mittel zum Aufwand, Geld 2, 276.
pw (= small Petersburg dictionray by Böhtlingk) s.v. vyaya: "2)b)
Einbusse, Verlust. c) Hingabe, Aufopferung. kiṃ, na kuryāḥ śaravyayam
warum opferst (d.i. gebrauchst) du nicht deine Pfeile? d) kośasya,
arthasya, vittasya, dhanasya, draviṇasya oder in Comp. mit diesen
Einbusse ~, Hingabe ~, Verausgabung ~, Aufwand eines Schatzes u.s.w.
Ohne solche Ergänzung Ausgabe, Aufwand, ~ für, Kosten von (Loc. oder
im Comp. vorangehend). Auch Pl. e) Mittel zum Aufwand, Geld."
≈ MW s.v. vyaya: "m. spending, expense, outlay, disbursement (opp. to
āya, ‘income’, and often with kośasya, vittasya, dhanasya &c.; without
a gen. = ‘extravagance, waste, prodigality’; with loc. or ifc. =
‘outlay for or in’), Mn. ; MBh. &c. cost, sacrifice of (gen. or
comp.; vyayena ifc. = ‘at the cost of’), R. ; Kālid. wealth, money,
Yājñ. ii, 276
* * *
pw, s.v. ativyaya: "m. Verschwendung Spr.154."
≈ MW s.v. ativyaya: "m. lavish expenditure."
Best,
Roland Steiner
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