Dear Martin,

The satirical Kaliviḍambana by Nīlakaṇṭha Dīkṣita in the seventeenth century famously contains a critique of astrologers (jyautiṣka), if not of astrology per se, in vv. 14-22. E.g., v. 16:

āyuḥpraśne dīrgham āyur vācyaṃ mauhūrtikair janaiḥ |
jīvanto bahu manyante mṛtāḥ prakṣyanti kaṃ punaḥ ||

"If asked how long one will live,
An astrologer should predict a long life.
Those who survive will think greatly of him;
The dead can't question anybody."

It's possible to read verse 22 as Nīlakaṇṭha lumping together astrologers with "fortune-tellers, dream interpreters, and divine oracles" as equally bogus charlatans competing with each other.

Regards,
Anand

2017-02-03 17:17 GMT+00:00 Walter Slaje via INDOLOGY <indology@list.indology.info>:

Dear Martin,


consequential criticism of astrologers can be found in the context of a general criticism directed against the power of fate (daiva) and the believers in fate in the Mokṣopāya, chapters II.4-9.

There, I am aware of two direct references to astrologers (see below), but implicit criticism of daiva and °jñas is also palpable in the Mahābhārata, see my paper “Nāsti daive prabhutvam. Traces of demythologisation in Indian Epic thought.” Journal of Indian Philosophy 26 (1998): 27-50.


Here are the passages from the Mokṣopāya:


kālavidbhir vinirṇītā yasyāsti cirajīvitā |

sa cej jīvati saṃchinnaśirās tad daivam uttamam || (Mokṣopāya II.8.17)

kālavidbhiḥ [=] daivajñaiḥ (Mokṣopāya-Ṭīkā II.8.17)

 

kālavidbhir vinirṇītaṃ pāṇḍityaṃ yasya rāghava |

anadhyāpita evāsau tajjñaś ced daivam uttamam || (Mokṣopāya II.8.18) ||

tajjñaḥ [=] paṇḍitaḥ (Mokṣopāya-Ṭīkā II.8.18)

 

8.17 Wenn derjenige, dem die Astrologen eine lange Lebensdauer vorherbestimmt [haben], mit ge­spaltenem Haupt [weiter]­lebt, dann [steht] das Schicksal über [allem].

8.18 Wenn derjenige, dem die Astrologen Gelehrsamkeit vorherbestimmt [haben], Rāghava, ein kenntnisreicher [Mensch wird], ganz ohne studiert zu haben, dann [steht] das Schicksal über [allem].

 

Text:

Anonymus Casmiriensi)s: Mokṣopāya). Historisch-kritische Gesamtausgabe. I-II. Das Erste und Zweite Buch. Vairāgyaprakaraṇa. Mumukṣuvyavahāraprakaraṇa. Kritische Edition von Susanne Krause-Stinner. Wiesbaden 2011.

 

German Translation:

Anonymus Casmiriensis: Mokṣopāya. Historisch-kritische Gesamtausgabe. I-II. Der Weg zur Befreiung. Das Erste und Zweite Buch. Das Buch über die Leidenschaftslosigkeit. Das Buch über das Verhalten der Befreiungssucher. Übersetzung von Roland Steiner. Wiesbaden 2014.


Regards, Walter


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--
Anand Venkatkrishnan
Junior Research Fellow
Balliol College, Oxford
Ph.D. South Asian Religions
Columbia University (2015)