Dear Patrick,
If you are looking for compassion (karuṇā) in Patañjali, you will find it at YS 1.33, as you probably know. It is a value espoused by Patañjali, just not as a yama.
Many theistic yoga texts post-Patañjali (i.e., of the Pañcarātras and Pāśupatas) list 10 yamas and 10 niyamas, not five. Some of these include compassion (kṛpā or dayā) as one of their 10 yamas. But I don’t know how far back these traditions of 10 go before Patañjali.
For most modern yogis, the most influential late medieval yoga text is Svātmarāma's Haṭha-Yoga-Pradīpikā, which lists 10 yamas and 10 niyamas (see 1.18-19). One of the 10 yamas is compassion (dayā). Nowadays yoga practitioners often conflate Pātañjala and Haṭha Yoga traditions--could this be a source of your respondent's ideas?Best wishes,AndrewAndrew J. Nicholsonhttp://philosophicalrasika.com
Associate Professor
Graduate Studies Director
Asian & Asian American Studies
Stony Brook University
Stony Brook, NY 11794-5343
(631) 632-4030/
---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: patrick mccartney <psdmccartney@gmail.com>
To: Indology List <indology@list.indology.info>
Cc:
Date: Thu, 24 Nov 2016 15:49:01 +1100
Subject: [INDOLOGY] yamas and niyamasDear Friends,A recent respondent of mine asserted that 'service' and 'compassion' were 2 of the 10 yamas and niyamas. I guess ahiṃsā could be indirectly translated as 'compassion' for others by being 'non-violent', however, 'service' as in 'seva' does not find any mention in the PYS list, which is what my respondent was referring to.While the ideas of 'service' and 'compassion' show a lack of critical understanding of the normative, institutionalised convention, I find it fascinating how these canonised ideas evolve in a meme-like way, unregulated in the minds of yoga practitioners (my respondent is a professional yoga teacher). As many practitioners of modern yoga assume this list has 'stood the test of time' and is as an a priori concept, this has made me think about the historicity and development of the yamas and niyamas as singular ideas, and as a conjoined pair.Might it be correct to say that they were first standardised in the PYS as 10? Were there any other lists that had a greater or lesser number prior to the PYS? (I'm thinking in a similar way to the development of the ṣadcakratantra, and how there were other texts that discussed alternate numbers/locations, etc)Might someone be able to lead me to a better understanding of the development of the yamas and niyamas? I looked through the search option of the list but couldn't really find any discussion that pertained specifically to my request. Although the discussions on whether some texts place a concept in the yama as opposed to the niyama category are quite interesting.Thank you.All the best,Patrick McCartney, PhDFellowSchool of Culture, History & Language
College of the Asia-Pacific
The Australian National University
Canberra, Australia, 0200
Skype - psdmccartneyPhone + Whatsapp: +61 414 954 748Twitter - @psdmccartney
---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: "Clough, Bradley" <Bradley.Clough@mso.umt.edu>
To: patrick mccartney <psdmccartney@gmail.com>
Cc: Indology List <indology@list.indology.info>
Date: Thu, 24 Nov 2016 07:43:51 +0000
Subject: Re: [INDOLOGY] yamas and niyamas
Dear Patrick,
The 5 yamas are identical to Jainism’s 5 mahavratas. I assume the mahavratas predate the list of yamas in the PYS. I’m sure someone more expert than I in Jainism could tell you what date they first appear in Jain scriptures.
Best Wishes,
Brad
Dr. Bradley S. Clough
Liberal Studies/Asian Religions
LA 101
The University of Montana
32 Campus Drive
Missoula, MT 59812
bradley.clough@mso.umt.edu<mailto:bradley.clough@mso.umt.edu >
Phone: 406-243-2837
Fax: 406-243-4076
On Nov 23, 2016, at 9:49 PM, patrick mccartney <psdmccartney@gmail.com<mailto:psdmccartney@gmail.com>> wrote:
Dear Friends,
A recent respondent of mine asserted that 'service' and 'compassion' were 2 of the 10 yamas and niyamas. I guess ahiṃsā could be indirectly translated as 'compassion' for others by being 'non-violent', however, 'service' as in 'seva' does not find any mention in the PYS list, which is what my respondent was referring to.
While the ideas of 'service' and 'compassion' show a lack of critical understanding of the normative, institutionalised convention, I find it fascinating how these canonised ideas evolve in a meme-like way, unregulated in the minds of yoga practitioners (my respondent is a professional yoga teacher). As many practitioners of modern yoga assume this list has 'stood the test of time' and is as an a priori concept, this has made me think about the historicity and development of the yamas and niyamas as singular ideas, and as a conjoined pair.
Might it be correct to say that they were first standardised in the PYS as 10? Were there any other lists that had a greater or lesser number prior to the PYS? (I'm thinking in a similar way to the development of the ṣadcakratantra, and how there were other texts that discussed alternate numbers/locations, etc)
Might someone be able to lead me to a better understanding of the development of the yamas and niyamas? I looked through the search option of the list but couldn't really find any discussion that pertained specifically to my request. Although the discussions on whether some texts place a concept in the yama as opposed to the niyama category are quite interesting.
Thank you.
All the best,
Patrick McCartney, PhD
Fellow
School of Culture, History & Language
College of the Asia-Pacific
The Australian National University
Canberra, Australia, 0200
Skype - psdmccartney
Phone + Whatsapp: +61 414 954 748
Twitter - @psdmccartney
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---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Dominik Wujastyk <wujastyk@gmail.com>
To: Mark McClish <mark.mcclish@northwestern.edu>
Cc: Arlo Griffiths <arlogriffiths@hotmail.com>, indology <INDOLOGY@list.indology.info>
Date: Thu, 24 Nov 2016 09:11:34 -0700
Subject: Re: [INDOLOGY] two arthaśāstra sourcesSome manuscripts of the Cākṣuṣīya are listed in NCC v.7, p.1. It's described as a work in 67 sutras "with elaboration and sārthasaṅgrahasūtras under each sūtra".--Professor Dominik Wujastyk,
Singhmar Chair in Classical Indian Society and Polity,
University of Alberta, Canada.On 18 November 2016 at 12:46, Mark McClish <mark.mcclish@northwestern.edu> wrote:Dear Arlo,
I believe those references are to the Arthaśāstra commentaries Jayamaṅgalā and Cāṇakyaṭīkā. The Cākṣuṣīya is supposed to be an independent work.
I have since found the following entry in Singh’s Bibliography of Kautiliya Arthasastra:
459. Ramakrishna, Kavi, M. "Caksusiya." Journal of Sri Venkatesvara Oriental Institute, Vol. 4, Part 1, 1943, pp. 123-128, Vol. 6, Part 2, pp. 33-53.
460. Ramakrishna, Kavi, M. " Chakshushiya: an ancient work on Arthasastra." Annals of Sri Venkatesvara Oriental Institute, Vol. 1, part 4, 1940, pp. 79-89.
Does anyone know where these might be available online?
All best,Mark
On Nov 17, 2016, at 11:38 AM, Arlo Griffiths <arlogriffiths@HOTMAIL.COM> wrote:
Dear Mark,
Could the second item be the one whose accurate bibliography is elaborately stated in n. 49 of von Hinüber's 2005 article on bhūmicchidranyāya <http://www.jstor.org/stable/43382108 >?
Best wishes,
Arlo Griffiths
From: INDOLOGY <indology-bounces@list.indology.info > on behalf of Mark McClish <mark.mcclish@northwestern.edu>
Sent: Wednesday, November 16, 2016 7:54 PM
To: indology
Subject: [INDOLOGY] two arthaśāstra sourcesDear friends,
I’m having trouble locating two sources on arthaśāstra, and I hoped someone on the list might be able to help me. I give here the bibliographic information as I have it.
1. Ruben, W. 1929. Study in the Arthaśāstra. Dharwar. (This is cited in Sternbach’s Bibliography of Kauṭilya Arthaśāstra, which has a number of errors, as well as, at least, Botto’s article on dvaidhībhāva in India Maior). Worldcat has the following, but I couldn’t get it from the British Library to see if it is the same:
<image002.jpg>
2. Kavi, Ramakrishna. [title unknown: multiple articles on and text of the Cākṣuṣīya Arthaśāstra]. Journal of the Venkatesvara Oriental Institute. 1:79-89; 3:99-116; 4:123-128; 4:129-140; 6:129-140(?). This comes from Kane I p. 152ff.
With thanks in advance for any help hunting down any of these.
All best,Mark
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---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Dominik Wujastyk <wujastyk@gmail.com>
To: Harry Spier <hspier.muktabodha@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Scharf <scharfpm7@gmail.com>, Indology <indology@list.indology.info>
Date: Thu, 24 Nov 2016 09:21:01 -0700
Subject: Re: [INDOLOGY] Diacriticals in unicode, single or multiple glyphsDear Harry, the documentation in the "document header" of each SARIT file notes that the encoding is IAST, and notes where that differs from the ISO standard. Thus, the document header of the Astangahrdayasamhita file, to pick one at random, has this statement:Editorial Description
The published edition from which this e-text was transcribed is printed in the Devanāgarī script. The electronic text below is in a lossless transliteration using the Latin alphabet. The transliteration scheme used is the IAST (The International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration). IAST differs in small ways from ISO 15919, but is preferred by most working Sanskrit scholars. Conversion of this file to ISO 15919 can be achieved by performing the following replacements throughout the file: ṛ -> r̥ and ṃ -> ṁ
Text divison is as Devanāgarī ("ityevam" not "ity evam".)
Initial vowel elision for avagraha is reversed and marked with a + sign: e.g., "prathamo+adhyāyaḥ"
The principle behind the SARIT repository is that the e-texts should be documented, so that any quirks or editorial decisions are explict and up-front. In addition, there is a revision history for each file. So if you take the file and do something to it, you brieflly note what you've done before re-uploading the file.Best,Dominik--Professor Dominik Wujastyk,
Singhmar Chair in Classical Indian Society and Polity,
University of Alberta, Canada.On 18 November 2016 at 18:23, Harry Spier <hspier.muktabodha@gmail.com> wrote:I've just looked at the Sanskrit Library, SARIT and GRETIL texts and I see that these use IAST transliteration for anusvara (dot under m) while Muktabodha digital library uses ISO15919 for anusvara (dot on top of m).Harry SpierOn Fri, Nov 18, 2016 at 11:57 AM, Peter Scharf <scharfpm7@gmail.com> wrote:Dear list members,The Sanskrit Library transcoding facility on line at http://sanskritlibrary.org/transcodeText.html does indeed transcode to Romanization using the preferred Unicode composites of characters plus diacritics. Our off-line transcoding softwarewhich is downloadable from http://sanskritlibrary.org/downloads.html has a large array of transcoders one of which transcodes to Romanization using precomposed Unicode characters that include diacritics. The problem with searching that Harry Spier mentions is just one of a number of reasons why Malcolm Hyman and I designed the Sanskrit Library phonetic encoding for all our linguistic programming, including both the encoding of texts and searching, and use Unicode only for display, and data input if desired (though for the latter purpose SLP and most other meta-encodings are preferable). Our book Linguistic Issues in Encoding Sanskrit available at http://sanskritlibrary.org/publications.html discusses the issues comprehensively.Yours,PeterOn Fri, Nov 18, 2016 at 6:28 PM, Harry Spier <hspier.muktabodha@gmail.com> wrote:______________________________Dear list members,In unicode you can write characters with diacriticals with either a single glyph or you can combine the character with the diacritical writing it in two glyphs.This is a problem when one searchs sanskrit etexts.For example, the letters with diacriticals in the Muktabodha digital library are written with one glyph and as far as I can see GRETIL does the same thing. But the transcoding utility at "The Sanskrit Library" http://sanskritlibrary.org/transcodeText.html combines letters with their diacriticals in two glyphs.So if you used the Sanskrit Library utility to create a transliterated word such as for example: śākti and then searched texts from either GRETIL or Muktabodha for that word your search wouldn't find anything.Thanks,Harry Spier_________________
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---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Dominik Wujastyk <wujastyk@gmail.com>
To: Harry Spier <hspier.muktabodha@gmail.com>
Cc: Indology <indology@list.indology.info>
Date: Thu, 24 Nov 2016 09:30:36 -0700
Subject: Re: [INDOLOGY] Diacriticals in unicode, single or multiple glyphsOn this issue of combining accents or single pre-combined glyphs, Andrew Ollett has already stated the issues. The Unicode Consortium's documentation about this business is atAs Andrew said, the terminology is "Normalization Form," and there are several of these, and quite a few points to consider when writing programs to work with Unicode. The Unicode consortium makes available algorithms for dealing with all this, and modern text-processing software libraries for Unicode are commonly aware of Normalization Forms and "do the right thing," so the end-user doesn't have to worry.This doesn't always work, though. I find that when I cut-n-paste from WorldCat, for example, into JabRef, all the accented letters are retained in NFD format, and it's annoying.Mostly, when we talk about typing IAST with pre-composed, single-glyph characters like ā, we're doing what the Unicode people call "Normal Form Composed" or NFC. The files in SARIT and elsewhere are in this format.Best,Dominik--Professor Dominik Wujastyk,
Singhmar Chair in Classical Indian Society and Polity,
University of Alberta, Canada.On 18 November 2016 at 05:58, Harry Spier <hspier.muktabodha@gmail.com> wrote:Dear list members,In unicode you can write characters with diacriticals with either a single glyph or you can combine the character with the diacritical writing it in two glyphs.This is a problem when one searchs sanskrit etexts.For example, the letters with diacriticals in the Muktabodha digital library are written with one glyph and as far as I can see GRETIL does the same thing. But the transcoding utility at "The Sanskrit Library" http://sanskritlibrary.org/transcodeText.html combines letters with their diacriticals in two glyphs.So if you used the Sanskrit Library utility to create a transliterated word such as for example: śākti and then searched texts from either GRETIL or Muktabodha for that word your search wouldn't find anything.Thanks,Harry Spier
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