For a definition of the term dṛṣṭānta see, for example, Carakasamhita Vimanasthana 8.34 (in the ed. of Trikamji):

atha dṛṣṭāntaḥ — dṛṣṭānto nāma yatra mūrkhaviduṣāṃ buddhisāmyaṃ, yo varṇyaṃ varṇayati. yathā — agnir uṣṇaḥ, dravam udakaṃ, sthirā pṛthivī, ādityaḥ prakāśaka iti; yathādityaḥ prakāśakas tathā sāṅkhyajñānaṃ prakāśakam iti.

Oberhammer's (Unter Mitarb. von Ernst Prets und Joachim Prandstetter) Begriffswörterbuch, vol. 2, which I do not have at my desk, should provide additional references s.v. dṛṣṭānta.

With kind regards,

Philipp

2015-09-02 16:19 GMT+02:00 Walser, Joseph <Joseph.Walser@tufts.edu>:
Can anyone out there point me toward Nyaya discussions of ways in which an example can be faulty? Secondary sources often state(without attribution as far as I can tell) that the example must be held in common by both sides of the debate, but I cannot find any discussion of that specific point in either the Nyaya Sutras of in Vatsyayana's commentary (unless I am overlooking something). Surely with so much attention being paid to faults in the reason and in the thesis, there should be some discussion of either unshared examples or of examples in which it is doubtful that they even exist (".... like a unicorn").
Any pointers would be greatly appreciated.
-j
Joseph Walser
Associate Professor
Department of Religion
Tufts University

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Dr. Philipp A. Maas
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Institut für Südasien-, Tibet- und Buddhismuskunde
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