Dear Professor Nagaraj Paturi,

a difficult problem concerning those questions is how far back in time we can go for the various languages concerned.

The use of echo-word formation and reduplication may have been on the increase as time moved on ...

Both may have been less frequent in the past.

I have tried to gather the evidence for the Tamil language of various periods in the following two published articles:

******
1.
**************
"https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00671107"
(Ideophones in Tamil: Historical observations on the morphology of X-eṉal expressives)
(17th European Conference on Modern South Asian Studies Heidelberg, 2002)
[see for instance the chart on page 7,
where I summarize my examination of 613 items taken from MTL
and find that:
235 are simple
301 have reduplication
77 have "echo"


******
2.
****************
"https://www.academia.edu/4167141/Ideophones_in_Tamil_a_historical_perspective_on_the_X-enal_expressives_ஒலிக_குறிப_பாற_றுப_படை_Olikkuṟippu_Āṟṟuppaṭai_"

((Ideophones in Tamil: a historical perspective on the X-enal expressives, (ஒலிக்குறிப்பாற்றுப்படை [Olikkuṟippu Āṟṟuppaṭai])))
(contained in a book which came out in 2004)


Best wishes from Pondicherry

-- Jean-Luc Chevillard (CNRS)



"https://univ-paris-diderot.academia.edu/JeanLucChevillard"

"https://plus.google.com/u/0/113653379205101980081/posts/p/pub"

"https://twitter.com/JLC1956"

On 08/08/2015 12:42, Nagaraj Paturi wrote:

. echo reduplication is not specific to Dravidian. It is found in Hindi,
Marathi, Punjabi and many other north Indian languages too. In an
article on "Reduplication and echo words in Hindi/Urdu",

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00449691/document

  Annie Montaut, Inalco, Paris  says, "Reduplication is a pan-Indian
phenomenon regularly quoted as one of the dozen features accounting for
the consistency of the South Asian linguistic area " citing Massica
1992, Emeneau 1980 in the endnote.
In the section dealing with echo reduplication, the author says,

"Such a phenomena is omnipresent in all the so-called “dialects” or
regional varieties of Hindi, although it often displays a consonant
different from the v- used in Standard Hindi : In Panjabi and
Panjabi-ized Hindi for instance sh- is used to derive F’ (matlab-shatlab
“signification”, with some of such formations quasi lexicalized
(gap-conversation- shap, ‘gossiping, talking’) ; in the Pahari
(mountain) speeches, h- or ph- is used with the same function
(lenîn-henîn, rûs-hûs, ishk-phishk ‘love-etc"

end note to this says,

"Pahari (« mountain») speeches include mainly Garhwali and Kumaoni. ishk
transcribes the native prononciation of ishq. This type of echo is even
panindian (Emeneau 1980), with various consonants used for the first
consonant in F’, such as g- in Telugu (puli-guli « flower »)."



--
Prof.Nagaraj Paturi
Hyderabad-500044

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