The god Śiva in Tamil bhakti texts of the first millennium, is extolled as either nakkar or viṭaṅkar indicating Śiva’s nudity and his virile lingam in particular. [page 4].[...]The last and very important Tamil name for gharial is viṭaṅkar/iṭaṅkar. In old Tamil texts, viṭai refers to the virile male of animals - bovids, caprids, antelopes, elephants. It is a verbal noun from viṭai- 'to enlarge, to thicken, to stiffen up, to stand with pride’. In the Marutam landscape, the rich landlord enjoying prostitutes is called as viṭalai, viṭaṉ. In Tamil, viṭai- > viṭaṅku- "to be erect (as lingam), male beauty, masculinity, virility, fertile." Compare viṭai:viṭaṅku with verb pairs like (i) maṭai: maṭaṅku ‘water embankment, to block’, (ii) kiṭai: kiṭaṅku ‘animal shed, godown’, (iii) malai:malaṅku ‘to be confused’, (iv) tirai: tiraṅku ‘screen’, (v) iṇai: iṇaṅku ‘to join’, (vi) picai: picaṅku ‘to knead’ etc., Śiva is called in Tamil bhakti poems like Tevaram as viṭaṅkar, and a lingam (usually emerald) is kept near Somaskanda in viṭaṅkar temples which is worshipped with reverence as viṭaṅkar [15]. viṭaṅkar, standing for either male organ (lingam) or gharial snout, gives rise to Tamil names for gharial, viṭaṅkar (> iṭaṅkar). This word is borrowed into Sanskrit as a loan from Dravidian: viṭhaṅka ’ person of dissolute habits, voluptuary’ (Cf. viṭalai in Sangam poems). In Tamil, iṭakkar ‘indecent words; terms denoting things or actions too obscene to be uttered in good society’; iṭakkar-aṭakkal ‘ euphemism to use indirect expressions to avoid words relating to sex’, iṭakkar:iṭaṅkar ‘pot’ obviously from the protuberance on the male gharial snout, iṭaṅkar ‘narrow path’ are derivable from viṭaṅkar with the loss of word-initial v-. [page 7].
1. In Ganesan's entire paper, he has not referred to the DEDR entry for viṭaṅkar and he hasn't attempted to prove or disprove why the meaning of 'beauty' found in various Dravidian languages under this entry is incorrect. Since nakkar means nude, he asserts viṭaṅkar must also indicate nudity. Here is DEDR entry 5472:The god Śiva in Tamil bhakti texts of the first millennium, is extolled as either nakkar or viṭaṅkar indicating Śiva’s nudity and his virile lingam in particular.
In old Tamil texts, viṭai refers to the virile male of animals - bovids, caprids, antelopes, elephants.
It is a verbal noun from viṭai- 'to enlarge, to thicken, to stiffen up, to stand with pride’.
In Tamil, viṭai- > viṭaṅku- "to be erect (as lingam), male beauty, masculinity, virility, fertile." Compare viṭai:viṭaṅku with verb pairs like (i) maṭai: maṭaṅku ‘water embankment, to block’, (ii) kiṭai: kiṭaṅku ‘animal shed, godown’, (iii) malai:malaṅku ‘to be confused’, (iv) tirai: tiraṅku ‘screen’, (v) iṇai: iṇaṅku ‘to join’, (vi) picai: picaṅku ‘to knead’ etc.
Śiva is called in Tamil bhakti poems like Tevaram as viṭaṅkar, and a lingam (usually emerald) is kept near Somaskanda in viṭaṅkar temples which is worshipped with reverence as viṭaṅkar [15].
viṭaṅkar, standing for either male organ (lingam) or gharial snout, gives rise to Tamil names for gharial, viṭaṅkar (> iṭaṅkar).
This word is borrowed into Sanskrit as a loan from Dravidian: viṭhaṅka ’ person of dissolute habits, voluptuary’ (Cf. viṭalai in Sangam poems).