Thank you Prof. Torella for your clarification. One point of disagreement here: you say "in these contexts saskāraḥ always refers to the residual traces left by “inferior” realities on the way of their being progressively overcome", but we have a clear example to the contrary in Kṣemarāja's P.H. sūtra 19 and comm, where samādhi-saṃskāra clearly refers to a beneficial and desirable saṃskāra. But that aside, I propose a different reading of tatsaṃskāraḥ in the passage below, though not with full confidence. From everything we have learned in this alchemical discussion (and following up the references given), drutarasaḥ in the metaphor can only be the mercury, so here drutarasaḥ must analogically stand in for cidrasaḥ (or prakāśarasaḥ), hence the iva. As seen in real-life amalgamation, the drutarasaḥ  indeed ābhāti kevalam -- appears alone -- as a result of this process, having digested the mercury. So Abh. is saying that cidrasaḥ is what remains, having devoured prāa-dehādi-dhātu(cf. jīrṇa here with grasa, alaṅgrasa elsewhere in the literature).  That leaves us with the difficulty involving tatsaṃskāraḥ. Since Abh. did not write tatsaskārasahitaḥ but easily could have done, I propose that he might be using saṃskāra here in its other primary sense -- that is, the drutarasaḥ is the "purifier of that (prāa-dehādi-dhātu)" since that is exactly what mercury does. But I withdraw my guess that tatsaṃskāraḥ meant "the impression of awakened consciousness itself" which Dr Torella rightly called unconvincing.

But I think it cannot be true that tatsaṃskāraḥ here means
"the saṃskāras left by body, prāṇa, etc. [for the moment still remain]" as Prof. Torella suggested, because the turyātīta here being discussed is being contrasted to a previous turyātīta (there being two versions of this attainment), about which it was said: śūnyādi-saskāro 'pi asti, which is unambiguous. How can there be a contrast if the saṃskāras remain in this second turyātīta as well?  (Unless I'm missing some other point of contrast.) I take the point that if one becomes ekībhūtam sa.mvid-ghanam then there is no samāveśa possible, but I'm not clear that Abhinava disallows this possibility of going beyond samāveśa.

best, CW


Dear Members,

just after an interminable car trip in Central Europe, I do not have the mental alertness to express my overall and detailed opinion on this very interesting matter. For the moment, at least, I can’t refrain from making some short remarks on the last point (and indirectly on my alleged ‘confusion’). 

yadā tu parāmṛṣṭa-nityatva-vyāpitvādi-dharmakaiśvarya-ghanātmanā ahambhāva-siddharasena śūnyādi-deha-dhātv-anta vidhyate yena prameyatvāt tat cyavata iva, tadā turyadaśā
yadāpi viddho 'sau prāa-dehādi-dhātu savid-rasena abhiniviṣṭo ’tyanta kanaka-dhātur iva jīra kriyate yena sa druta-rasa iva ābhāti kevala tat-saskāra, tadāpi turyātīta-daśā sā bhavati

drutarasa is clearly (at least to my mind) a bahuvrīhi depending on prāa-dehādi-dhātuḥ . However fairly elliptical, also the following tatsaskāraḥ also has to be taken as a bahuvrīhi, nuancing sa drutarasa iva ābhāti (of course, we would have been very grateful to Abh. for a more merciful tatsaskārasahitaḥ, or so…; also possibly to be understood as: “only, the saṃskāras left by body, prāṇa, etc. [for the moment still remains]). The key term is here kevalam, which introduces a restriction with the regards the previous statement (which also contains in itself the germ of a possible restriction: drutarasa *iva*.  Wallis’ alternative interpretation ("the sole impression of awakened consciousness itself”) does not convince me: in these contexts saskāraḥ always refers to the residual traces left by “inferior” realities on the way of their being progressively overcome or transfigured (see e.g. the somewhat parallel passage in IPVV III p. 348 tannijarūpasamyagviddhakanakarūpatātyantajaraāpāditatatsaskāravaśapītalatāvaśeavidrutarasanyāyena).

I should like also to add that the turyātīta samāveśa, which this passage refers to, is not something intrinsically different from turya, but only its progressive extension, which virtually leads the complete elimination of the saṃskāras too. In saying ‘virtually’ I mean that for these authors this is in a sense an endless process. After all, if the process were indeed completed, how could samāveśa itself be possible? As Abhinava says (IPV on III.2.12) samāveśapallavā eva ca prasiddhadehādipramātṛbhāgaprahvībhāvabhāvanānuprāṇitāḥ […] dehapāte tu parameśvara evaikarasaḥ , ---- iti kaḥ kutra kathaṃ samāviśet.
 
More (perhaps) to follow.

All best wishes to the members of this wonderful list
Raffaele Torella




Prof. Raffaele Torella
Chair of Sanskrit
Istituto Italiano di Studi Orientali
Sapienza Università di Roma