[INDOLOGY] tapasya

Fri Aug 30 00:57:10 UTC 2024

Thank you. Much appreciated.

> On Aug 29, 2024, at 5:51 AM, Edwin Bryant <edbryant at religion.rutgers.edu> wrote:
> 
> Sanyama which underpins the manifestation of the siddhis, is the ultimate expression of tapas, and is featured in pada III, vibhuti (siddhi) pada, where it occurs a dozen or more times.  If you read the sutras and commentaries of that pada (which I attempted to distill) you will encounter everything the classical yoga shastra had to say about the connections you seek .   
> From: Howard Resnick <hr at ivs.edu>
> Sent: Wednesday, August 28, 2024 1:00 PM
> To: Edwin Bryant <edbryant at religion.rutgers.edu>
> Cc: Indology List <indology at list.indology.info>
> Subject: Re: [INDOLOGY] tapasya
>  
> Thank you for your interesting comments, and your very interesting paper on Yoga-sūtra ontology.
> 
> Can you say more on the specific way that tapasya connects the puruṣa to unlimited power or being, within the Sāṅkhya system?
> 
> Gratefully,
> Howard
> 
>> On Aug 28, 2024, at 3:50 AM, Edwin Bryant <edbryant at religion.rutgers.edu> wrote:
>> 
>> Yoga Sutras IV.1 indicates that siddhis can be attained though 5 different methods, one of which is tapas (even as Patanjali is clear that these are of no interest to those seeking samadhi, but only to those whose minds are flowing "outward," [III.37], viz, towards bhoga).  As you note, claims pertaining to the attainment of siddhis are accepted without question by almost all traditions, Buddhist, Jain and Vaidica, in  both folk (e.g. Puranic literature and its offshoots) and rationalist expressions (e.g.Nyaya and Vedanta).  These are very serious thinkers whose accomplishments continue to impress us today: you do well to engage such claims seriously rather than in a facile ,reflexive manner.
>> 
>> For an extended discussion on the metaphysics underpinning the siddhis as logical and coherent extensions of Samkhya philosophical presuppositions, see:
>> 
>> https://sites.rutgers.edu/edwin-bryant/wp-content/uploads/sites/169/2023/12/s42240-020-00073-z.pdf
>> 
>> EB. 
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> From: INDOLOGY <indology-bounces at list.indology.info <mailto:indology-bounces at list.indology.info>> on behalf of Howard Resnick via INDOLOGY <indology at list.indology.info <mailto:indology at list.indology.info>>
>> Sent: Tuesday, August 27, 2024 3:29 PM
>> To: Indology List <indology at list.indology.info <mailto:indology at list.indology.info>>
>> Subject: [INDOLOGY] tapasya
>>  
>> Dear Scholars,
>> 
>> Within various genres of Sanskrit literature, perhaps especially itihāsa-purāṇa, we find a pervasive belief that tapasya — serious austerity -- bestows power on the performer, either directly or through the agency of a Deva, Ṛṣi, or other superior being. The examples are almost innumerable.
>> 
>> I’m trying to explore this claim about the power of tapasya. On the empirical side, one can speak of the power of mental discipline and detachment from the body, etc. But of course empirically, there is nothing like the supernatural results obtained by serious ascetics in the ancient literature.
>> 
>> One common apologetic is to attribute or assign such powers to the previous three yugas, with the claim that those powers fail in Kali-yuga.
>> 
>> I bring this up because I am working on a reconstruction of the famous Mahābhārata story of Ambā who performed unimaginable tapasya, and then, as a result, took birth as Śikhaṇḍī and enabled the killing of Bhīṣma at Kurukṣetra.
>> 
>> The facile explanation of course is to invoke the notion of pre-scientific mythology. I am trying to take a more cautious approach. Of course tapasya as a source of power intersects the notion of attaining yoga-siddhis, a process in which tapasya is also heavily involved.
>> 
>> I bring this up in a heuristic, exploratory way and would be grateful for any observations, insights, or theories about this, especially the link between severe self-abnegation and power.
>> 
>> Thanks in advance!
>> 
>> Howard
>> 
>>  
>> 
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