[INDOLOGY] Visualisation of Sanskrit Phonetics

Sun Sep 26 16:13:47 UTC 2021

Dear Antonia, Madhav, Michael and Alexander, Dear All,

Thank you for your responses, they are really very useful for me. It is
good to talk about all these problems.

Just to clarify my point a little bit more.

I am not trying to aim at any ideal which I am aware does not exist. Maybe
it is connected with my craziness about speech-exercises  and fascination
with how people can easily speak sounds which in other languages are found
difficult.

I have also noticed that exercises on vocal apparatus allow me to show my
students the role of speech in ancient India as if experientially: they can
observe the changes in their whole body when I ask them to sit up straight,
to start breathing deeper (diaphragmatic breathing is also an Upaniṣad), to
focus on their head and neck (we everyday life we rarely do that), on what
happens when they open their mouths more or less, when they release the
muscles of the upper part of the body, when they force their tongue to move
differently than in Polish etc.

I do this while learning the basics of Sanskrit and reciting selected
passages. During recitation, my point is that they learn to speak the
following words fluently. It also helps a lot in understanding Sandhi, why
these and not other assimilations occur: because it's just easier to
pronounce. And slowly becomes obvious. They don't have to learn by heart
their rules, they can, to some extent of course, predict when it may occur.

I described this method as painstaking, because it is so compared to the
ultrasound image, but in fact,  we have a lot of fun during these classes.

And last but not least: when reading Vedic texts, I have the impression
that, for example, when it comes to creating space (e.g. in the morning),
it is also about creating space in the mouth, i.e. opening them during
morning recitation. I am more and more convinced  that not only the mental
processes, but also the processes of the organism taking place during the
recitation, were the conceptual framework derived from experience for
describing the processes of the world. This is also why I consider phonetic
exercises important in learning Sanskrit.

I called them "the art of yoking the tongue"  just because they need
conscious efforts, concentration and restraint. I am of course aware that
yoga was a later invention than the Vedic tradition.

Coming back again to retroflex consonants, I am really aware that we don't
know how they were pronounced in the Vedic times. But they are a
 linguistic phenomenon which is not found in Polish and I think that it is
good to try how to pronounce such a consonant, even if it comes out
differently from modern Indian languages (not to mention Vedic Sanskrit).
By the way, I found another website on phonetics (
https://seeingspeech.ac.uk/about-the-project/) with use of ultrasound
technology , and also some papers and a simple video film on Youtube
showing the differences between their pronunciation in various Indian
languages. But probably you know them all.

With best wishes,

Joanna

---

Prof. dr hab. Joanna Jurewicz

Katedra Azji Południowej /Chair of South Asia Studies

Wydział Orientalistyczny / Faculty of Oriental Studies

Uniwersytet Warszawski /University of Warsaw

ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28

00-927 Warszawa , Poland

Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages

College of Human Sciences

UNISA

Pretoria, RSA

Member of Academia Europaea

https://uw.academia.edu/JoannaJurewicz

niedz., 26 wrz 2021 o 03:28 Uskokov, Aleksandar <aleksandar.uskokov at yale.edu>
napisał(a):

> Dear Joanna,
>
> I teach similarly to Antonia, with a few peculiarities.
>
> For dentals, I emphasize that the tongue is on the teeth like in the
> English *th*in, *th*ought (obviously not the sound itself). But then,
> being consistent with it is not easy for myself either, and, like Antonia,
> I am perfectly fine when students switch to the alveolars. For retroflex, I
> follow Coulson's explanation. I spend more time on the varieties in
> pronunciation of the visarga before the velars, labials, and sibilants. And
> since my native tongue has a widely used vocalic r, for me it is natural to
> revert to it when teaching the ṛ and ṝ. I pronounce jña as gnya but tell
> them to do otherwise if they are more comfortable.
>
> I tell them to think of the anusvāra for practical purposes as a
> variation more of writing than of pronunciation, except before the
> sibilants, and that they should look at the following consonant and just go
> for the homorganic nasal. I also try to make them realize that they likely
> do pronounce the right nasal even if unaware of it (I illustrate with ba
> *n*g/ba*n*k for the velar, Ista*n*bul for the labial). Etc.
>
> At the end, most revert to the sounds they are comfortable with, just as
> most of us non-native speakers do with English. I see no problem with that,
> as long as they are not trying to produce Indra's killer.
>
> Best wishes,
> Aleksandar
>
> Aleksandar Uskokov
>
> Lector in Sanskrit
>
> South Asian Studies Council, Yale University
>
> 203-432-1972 | aleksandar.uskokov at yale.edu
>
>
> *Office Hours Sign-up:* https://calendly.com/aleksandar-uskokov
> ------------------------------
> *From:* INDOLOGY <indology-bounces at list.indology.info> on behalf of
> Antonia Ruppel via INDOLOGY <indology at list.indology.info>
> *Sent:* Saturday, September 25, 2021 6:28 PM
> *To:* Joanna Jurewicz <j.jurewicz at uw.edu.pl>
> *Cc:* Indology List <indology at list.indology.info>
> *Subject:* Re: [INDOLOGY] Visualisation of Sanskrit Phonetics
>
> Dear Joanna,
>
> I apologise if my response sounded overly critical.
>
> You described how you teach pronunciation, and that approach seemed to
> imply, to me, that you were aiming for specific phonetic traits far beyond
> anything that I assumed we could know about Sanskrit (as you say, your
> method is painstaking!). Hence my query.
>
> To answer your question: I don't spend a lot of time at all on
> pronunciation in my intro classes: when we go through the alphabet, I say
> 'this sound is like sound x in [language of instruction]', using whatever
> is closest; with only few exceptions (such as retroflex stops) this works
> quite well teaching in English or German.
>
> I focus on phonemic contrasts and thus teach them to make a difference
> between, say, th and t, but don't ever mind if their t's aren't fully
> unaspirated. I am absolutely fine when my German- or English-speaking
> students pronounce what I suppose we assume were purely dental stops as
> alveolars, or when I get English l's or German r's; and I certainly don't
> expect anyone to voice their h's (the latter, I fully admit, also because I
> myself struggle with that one:-)).
>
> Of course it is important to be able to vocalise the language you are
> learning, and so I tell them to aim for consistency; but given the lack of
> phonetic information (and, I assume, the lack of a unified pronunciation
> across time and space) the explicit goal in my classes simply is
> approximation.
>
> I hope this is useful - and again apologies that I didn't simply ask 'why
> do you do what you do?' in the first place!
>
> All my best,
>      Antonia
>
> On Sat, 25 Sept 2021 at 22:56, Joanna Jurewicz <j.jurewicz at uw.edu.pl>
> wrote:
>
> Well, I was somehow misunderstood. I am not going to reconstruct or teach
> the original Sanskrit pronunciation. I have explained that the formulation
> "native Sanskrit speakers" was unfortunate.
>
> But we all teach Sanskrit, don't we? And we have to explain to our
> students how to pronounce e.g. cerebral consonants. Do they exist or not?
> If they do, I think that the website mentioned by Adheesh could also be
> very useful  in teaching Sanskrit phonetics. That's all.
>
> I would be rather interested in how you teach Sanskrit phonetics in
> practice? I have described how I do that. Do you have the same painstaking
> methods?
>
> Best wishes,
>
> Joanna
>
> ---
>
> Prof. dr hab. Joanna Jurewicz
>
> Katedra Azji Południowej /Chair of South Asia Studies
>
> Wydział Orientalistyczny / Faculty of Oriental Studies
>
> Uniwersytet Warszawski /University of Warsaw
>
> ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28
>
> 00-927 Warszawa , Poland
>
> Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages
>
> College of Human Sciences
>
> UNISA
>
> Pretoria, RSA
>
> Member of Academia Europaea
>
> https://uw.academia.edu/JoannaJurewicz
> <https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuw.academia.edu%2FJoannaJurewicz&data=04%7C01%7Caleksandar.uskokov%40yale.edu%7C45973cd1aa424e47a78108d98073f3bd%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C637682057793057834%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=IMAlmI1eS8wAhvXeR4ZA3jvMssd8dG5LTG5NWVOvHpE%3D&reserved=0>
>
>
> sob., 25 wrz 2021 o 18:01 Madhav Deshpande <mmdesh at umich.edu> napisał(a):
>
> No historically authentic Sanskrit pronunciation has survived in India
> today, because no modern Indian language preserves all Sanskrit sounds.
> However, there are regional standards of Sanskrit pronunciation, which may
> be described in terms like the Pune pronunciation, Banaras pronunciation,
> Mysore pronunciation etc. Sanskrit scholars in these different regions
> generally follow that regional standard. Reciters of the same Veda from
> different regions also have their regional standards. The Yajurveda recited
> in Maharashtra sounds different from the Yajurveda recited in south India.
> This is to be expected given the diverse linguistic history of India that
> has left its marks also on the pronunciation of Sanskrit. Even works like
> Rājaśekhara's Kāvyamīmāṃsā give details of the regional peculiarities of
> Sanskrit pronunciation and recitation of Sanskrit poetry.
>
> Madhav Deshpande
>
> Professor Emeritus, Sanskrit and Linguistics
> University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
> Senior Fellow, Oxford Center for Hindu Studies
> Adjunct Professor, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bangalore, India
>
> [Residence: Campbell, California, USA]
>
>
> On Sat, Sep 25, 2021 at 8:03 AM Antonia Ruppel via INDOLOGY <
> indology at list.indology.info> wrote:
>
> Dear Johanna,
>
> I was just wondering to what extent, without native speakers (and even
> with modern native speakers), we have any chance of reconstructing
> classical Sanskrit phonetics. Devanagari is of course much closer to the
> ‘one grapheme - one phoneme’ ideal than e.g. Greek or Latin writing are,
> and in some later grammatical works we have descriptions is how sounds are
> to be pronounced; but that still usually only gives us an overview of
> phonemes, and not necessarily their complete phonetic reality.
>
> I think it’s much more important to teach our students to be consistent in
> their approximations, so as to be intelligible, than to give them the idea
> that there is *one* correct ‘ideal’ pronunciation, so to speak.
>
> All best,
>      Antonia
>
> On Sat 25. Sep 2021 at 16:31, Joanna Jurewicz <j.jurewicz at uw.edu.pl>
> wrote:
>
> Thank you, Antonia, very much.
>
> But, generally speaking, the main topic of my letter was not Sanskrit
> speaking villages, but how interesting the website is and how much
> ultrasound technology would be helpful in teaching Sanskrit phonetics.
>
> Best,
>
> Joanna
>
> ---
>
> Prof. dr hab. Joanna Jurewicz
>
> Katedra Azji Południowej /Chair of South Asia Studies
>
> Wydział Orientalistyczny / Faculty of Oriental Studies
>
> Uniwersytet Warszawski /University of Warsaw
>
> ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28
> <https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fmaps%2Fsearch%2FKrakowskie%2BPrzedmie%25C5%259Bcie%2B26%252F28%2B%250D%250A%2B00-927%2BWarszawa%2B%2C%2BPoland%3Fentry%3Dgmail%26source%3Dg&data=04%7C01%7Caleksandar.uskokov%40yale.edu%7C45973cd1aa424e47a78108d98073f3bd%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C637682057793067771%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=xaHN%2FU04%2F9zK9LdqN%2BhtvqHfNvL2Y1kz636bWX8AgGo%3D&reserved=0>
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>
> 00-927 Warszawa
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>
> Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages
>
> College of Human Sciences
>
> UNISA
>
> Pretoria, RSA
>
> Member of Academia Europaea
>
> https://uw.academia.edu/JoannaJurewicz
> <https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuw.academia.edu%2FJoannaJurewicz&data=04%7C01%7Caleksandar.uskokov%40yale.edu%7C45973cd1aa424e47a78108d98073f3bd%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C637682057793087679%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=TbrnhAeZ8lSUxZUyVTdVFraIOhYzGLWAekKroeKcOG4%3D&reserved=0>
>
>
> sob., 25 wrz 2021 o 16:15 Antonia Ruppel <rhododaktylos at gmail.com>
> napisał(a):
>
> On the idea of Indian villages where Sanskrit supposedly is spoken, I
> recommend Patrick McCartney’s excellent work, accessible e.g. here:
>
> https://patrickmccartney.academia.edu/research#recentlypublishedarticles
> <https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpatrickmccartney.academia.edu%2Fresearch%23recentlypublishedarticles&data=04%7C01%7Caleksandar.uskokov%40yale.edu%7C45973cd1aa424e47a78108d98073f3bd%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C637682057793087679%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=jE%2FdHB9uFlx0jiUQn1m0GvZikuzBx1M8XL3%2FwS5%2BRQs%3D&reserved=0>
>
> All best,
>      Antonia
>
> On Sat 25. Sep 2021 at 16:11, Joanna Jurewicz <j.jurewicz at uw.edu.pl>
> wrote:
>
> An eminent scholar and my colleague, Artur Karp, has just
> rightly questioned in a personal letter if there are Sanskrit native
> speakers. Well, there are villages in India where Sanskrit is spoken as the
> first language, but  Artur is right, the expression "Sanskrit native
> speakers" was unfortunate.
>
>
> ---
>
> Prof. dr hab. Joanna Jurewicz
>
> Katedra Azji Południowej /Chair of South Asia Studies
>
> Wydział Orientalistyczny / Faculty of Oriental Studies
>
> Uniwersytet Warszawski /University of Warsaw
>
> ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28
> <https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fmaps%2Fsearch%2FKrakowskie%2BPrzedmie%25C5%259Bcie%2B26%252F28%2B%250D%250A%2B00-927%2BWarszawa%2B%2C%2BPoland%3Fentry%3Dgmail%26source%3Dg&data=04%7C01%7Caleksandar.uskokov%40yale.edu%7C45973cd1aa424e47a78108d98073f3bd%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C637682057793087679%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=CYmuk1gXJ8Q7FkyeCaxea5tyfILwE7mqA%2FiuZLXJ29Q%3D&reserved=0>
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> 00-927 Warszawa
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>
> Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages
>
> College of Human Sciences
>
> UNISA
>
> Pretoria, RSA
>
> Member of Academia Europaea
>
> https://uw.academia.edu/JoannaJurewicz
> <https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuw.academia.edu%2FJoannaJurewicz&data=04%7C01%7Caleksandar.uskokov%40yale.edu%7C45973cd1aa424e47a78108d98073f3bd%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C637682057793117557%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=MYUIjDdSF3yi70neOQTiW4xuRhodPwXkl%2F1Mz97%2FujY%3D&reserved=0>
>
>
> sob., 25 wrz 2021 o 15:07 Joanna Jurewicz <j.jurewicz at uw.edu.pl>
> napisał(a):
>
> What a wonderful website!
>
> I wish I could use ultrasonography when I teach my students to explain the
> Sandhi phenomena, e.g. cerebralisation of consonants (cerebral consonants
> are the most difficult consonants for Polish speakers).
>
> For example, it takes me much time to explain them how to pronounce the
> noun  *kṛṣṇa. *I tell them that if they want to properly  express it,  they
> have to realise:
>
> 1) that they have to open their mouth slightly more than when they speak
> Polish  and release the muscles of their chicks and other muscles of the
> lower part of their face,
>
> 1)  that when they open the mouth slightly more and pronounce the guttural
> "k", they will have a lot of place between the tip of the tongue and the
> palate,
>
> 2)  that, having pronounced "k", they have to push the tip of the tongue
> slightly back (which is now not difficult thanks to creation of space in
> the mouth), and quickly move it in order to pronounce the vocalical "ṛ"
> (which is the same movement as in Polish "r"),
>
> 3) that, having pronounced "ṛ", they still  have to keep their tongue
> back (to "yoke" it) in order to pronounce the sibilant "ṣ" (which is
> contrary to Polish habit to move the tongue a bit forward to pronounce the
> Polish consonant "sz", the same is for English "sh"),
>
> 4) that, having pronounced "ṣ", they still have to "yoke" their tongue in
> the same position to pronounce the cerebral "ṇ".
>
> I make funny faces when I try to "show" them this process, they laugh at
> me, and I ask them why they don't laugh at people at the gym who train
> various muscles of their body (which might look very funny too) and that
> the tongue is a muscle too, moreover its structure is unique to human
> species, because it allows us to speak. Then  we come back to the exercises
> until they say "wow, if we push our tongue back and keep it there, there is
> no problems with "ṇ" !".  Then they have to exercise until they are able
> to pronounce the word quickly.
>
> The fact that the larynx is placed slightly more below in Sanskrit
> pronunciation than in Polish  is the upaniṣad and I teach it to them
> later on. I have some devices to explain how to lower one's larynx. But the
> video would be of much help.
>
> The movements of lips  (generally speaking the whole vocal apparatus) are
> also different, but this is easier to be shown. And the role of breathing
> is crucial, of course (which I teach my students from the very beginning).
>
> If I had such a device, it would be easier for me to explain to them "the
> art of yoking of the tongue".
>
> It would be great if we could create such videos with Sanskrit native
> speakers which would take into account the invisible aspects of Sanskrit
> phonetics. I'd gladly take part in such an enterprise!
>
> Thank you very much, Adheesh. I will certainly use the page during my
> phonetics classes to show the movements of the tongue in general
> perspective.
>
> Best wishes,
>
> Joanna
>
>
> ---
>
> Prof. dr hab. Joanna Jurewicz
>
> Katedra Azji Południowej /Chair of South Asia Studies
>
> Wydział Orientalistyczny / Faculty of Oriental Studies
>
> Uniwersytet Warszawski /University of Warsaw
>
> ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28
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> 00-927 Warszawa
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> Poland
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>
> Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages
>
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>
> College of Human Sciences
>
> UNISA
>
> Pretoria, RSA
>
> Member of Academia Europaea
>
> https://uw.academia.edu/JoannaJurewicz
> <https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fuw.academia.edu%2FJoannaJurewicz&data=04%7C01%7Caleksandar.uskokov%40yale.edu%7C45973cd1aa424e47a78108d98073f3bd%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C637682057793137468%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=Y3TPhpTv1%2F22smzYEOwP%2FGDQszryvR9YlU8xJ3d1uvs%3D&reserved=0>
>
>
> pt., 24 wrz 2021 o 02:47 adheesh sathaye via INDOLOGY <
> indology at list.indology.info> napisał(a):
>
> Dear Marcis et al,
>
> I don’t know if this will be useful for your purposes, but the Linguistics
> department here at UBC has designed a website called “eNunciate!” with
> various linguistics learning tools, including “Sounds of the World’s
> Languages”, which provides videos illustrating the pronunciation of a broad
> range of IPA consonants and vowels, including, presumably, all sounds
> within the Sanskrit syllabary.
> They feature both graphical representations like you are looking for, as
> well as actual ultrasound captures of a live speaker.
>
> The site can be accessed here:
> https://enunciate.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/world-sounds/
> <https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fenunciate.arts.ubc.ca%2Flinguistics%2Fworld-sounds%2F&data=04%7C01%7Caleksandar.uskokov%40yale.edu%7C45973cd1aa424e47a78108d98073f3bd%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C637682057793147425%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=LWHgjcYLw2HgKQjewDHDtS8u%2Fy1JCf23E4%2FhJwGQPvs%3D&reserved=0>
> Similar animated videos are found on the ArticulatoryIPA YouTube site:
> https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuOKJqD00W2EiC3DHmOuu0g
> <https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fchannel%2FUCuOKJqD00W2EiC3DHmOuu0g&data=04%7C01%7Caleksandar.uskokov%40yale.edu%7C45973cd1aa424e47a78108d98073f3bd%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C637682057793147425%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=%2FtrY%2BLDy6AYWbdG6mu3Vkss5gQu3o%2F9R9NOQ%2F%2Bql76o%3D&reserved=0>
>
> For a list of correspondences between IPA and the Sanskrit syllabary, you
> may consult Andrew Ollett’s excellent Sanskrit reference grammar (vṛddhiḥ)
> at the Univ. of Chicago, here: http://prakrit.info/vrddhi/grammar/
> <https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fprakrit.info%2Fvrddhi%2Fgrammar%2F&data=04%7C01%7Caleksandar.uskokov%40yale.edu%7C45973cd1aa424e47a78108d98073f3bd%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C637682057793157382%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=ZNnVI7mvymXAb6xlAI%2Bk%2Fjp0uGeXB2mvRep4yBQXUlU%3D&reserved=0>
>
> I am also currently making youtube videos that you can find if search for
> UBC Sanskrit on Youtube. These may or may not be useful.
>
> With all best wishes,
> Adheesh
>
> —
> Adheesh Sathaye
> University of British Columbia
>
>
>
>
> On Sep 22, 2021, at 04:56, Mārcis Gasūns via INDOLOGY <
> indology at list.indology.info> wrote:
>
> Greetings,
>
>   Is there something like this for Sanskrit (taken from
> https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.503070/page/99/mode/2up
> <https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdli.ernet.503070%2Fpage%2F99%2Fmode%2F2up&data=04%7C01%7Caleksandar.uskokov%40yale.edu%7C45973cd1aa424e47a78108d98073f3bd%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C637682057793157382%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=pnf2ES1q%2FeJUHiSV0khq1VW5mY3l7ELFZaI6o79E%2BfU%3D&reserved=0>)?
> The closes I've seen is https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_phonology
> <https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHindustani_phonology&data=04%7C01%7Caleksandar.uskokov%40yale.edu%7C45973cd1aa424e47a78108d98073f3bd%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C637682057793167336%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=jVz7oLqp6bLCLqExhijq6ZaXov1pXby9%2FhtmRbl2Vfo%3D&reserved=0> but
> it has not pictures, only a vowel chart.
>   Does
> https://archive.org/details/ACriticalStudyOfSanskritPhonetics_Mishra/img167_2R.jpg
> <https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FACriticalStudyOfSanskritPhonetics_Mishra%2Fimg167_2R.jpg&data=04%7C01%7Caleksandar.uskokov%40yale.edu%7C45973cd1aa424e47a78108d98073f3bd%7Cdd8cbebb21394df8b4114e3e87abeb5c%7C0%7C0%7C637682057793167336%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=iouS3apufLoJNLWS%2F%2BqoPQVgn5qNC%2Bd9j7dRUhHPYvU%3D&reserved=0> remains
> the only book on Sanskrit phonetics?
>
> Regards,
> Marcis
>
>
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