[INDOLOGY] Inscriptions on Pala-type sculptures of Vishnu

Mon Sep 20 10:07:05 UTC 2021

Thank you very much to Arlo Griffiths and Birendra Nath Prasad for the relevant additional bibliography, and to Arlo, Elliot Stern and the two other off-list for their proposals of reading of these two dedicatory inscriptions. Summarizing (in bold what appears clear) —

First inscription: 
			[siddham]* pa-śrī/ścī-ni/ji-ta-ka-śca/ñca/ṇṭha-mā-ta/dha-ca/va ||

(reading the fifth to tenth character kaṇṭha mādhava* appears satisfactory)

Second inscription:
			[siddham] bha/pha-ṭṭa/ṭ-vi-nā-ya-ka ||

For the first, the script can be termed as early eastern Nagari from the 10-12th century.

Best wishes,
Christophe

* See S. Rath, “The Evolution of Inscriptional Nāgarī from Early 7th till 12th CE” in Epigraphika Vostoka (Epigraphy of the Orient), vol. 29, pp. 187-201. Moscow: R.A.N. (Russian Academy of Sciences), 2011, p. 197 5.3 and p. 198 6.1 & 7.1 beginning for similar strokes at the beginning, and p. 196 5.1, line 3 dharmmo. with similar "dha".

> Le 17 sept. 2021 à 15:28, Elliot Stern <emstern1948 at gmail.com> a écrit :
> 
> Dear Christophe,
> 
> The second inscription reads: [siddham] bhaṭṭavināyaka.
> 
> The first inscription should possibly be read as: [siddham] paśrīnitakaśca māta ca.
> 
> Best wishes,
> 
> Elliot M. Stern
> 552 South 48th Street
> Philadelphia, PA 19143-2029
> emstern1948 at gmail.com <mailto:emstern1948 at gmail.com>
> 267-240-8418
> 
> Le 17 sept. 2021 à 12:44, Birendra Nath Prasad <birendra176 at yahoo.com> a écrit :
> 
> Dear List members,
> Socio-religious dimensions of most of the reported dedicatory inscriptions on the stone and metal sculptures of Bihar and Bengal till c. 1250 CE have been looked into the following works of mine:
> 1.   Archaeology of Religion in South Asia: Buddhist, Brahmanical and Jaina Religious Centres in Bihar and Bengal, c. AD 600-1200. Routledge, London and New York, 2021; ISBN number 9781003194361.
> https://www.routledge.com/Archaeology-of-Religion-in-South-Asia-Buddhist-Brahmanical-and-Jaina-Religious/Prasad/p/book/9781032047119 <https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2FArchaeology-of-Religion-in-South-Asia-Buddhist-Brahmanical-and-Jaina-Religious%2FPrasad%2Fp%2Fbook%2F9781032047119&data=04%7C01%7Cchristophe.vielle%40uclouvain.be%7C2e006f6755d6474d8ba808d979c8259d%7C7ab090d4fa2e4ecfbc7c4127b4d582ec%7C0%7C0%7C637674724140460152%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C2000&sdata=3ZygM1kpb3pSrPhu9TWQHX3O9Veq43Z6CZiyXjIkSOk%3D&reserved=0>
>  
> 2.      Rethinking Bihar and Bengal:  History, Culture and Religion, Routledge, London and New York, 2021.
> 
> https://www.routledge.com/Rethinking-Bihar-and-Bengal-History-Culture-and-Religion/Prasad/p/book/9781032117225 <https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2FRethinking-Bihar-and-Bengal-History-Culture-and-Religion%2FPrasad%2Fp%2Fbook%2F9781032117225&data=04%7C01%7Cchristophe.vielle%40uclouvain.be%7C2e006f6755d6474d8ba808d979c8259d%7C7ab090d4fa2e4ecfbc7c4127b4d582ec%7C0%7C0%7C637674724140460152%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C2000&sdata=6NwfTURbNogg9AJBt5SCvKYLrWs2c0%2FCwYKu2bMJkcE%3D&reserved=0>
>  
> Dr. Birendra Nath Prasad
> Assistant Professor
> Centre for Historical Studies
> Jawaharlal Nehru University
> New Delhi
> 
> 
>> On Sep 17, 2021, at 12:39 AM, Arlo Griffiths via INDOLOGY <indology at list.indology.info <mailto:indology at list.indology.info>> wrote:
>> 
>> Dear Christophe,
>> 
>> Thanks for sharing these photos.
>> 
>> Such dedication inscriptions on sculptural stelae from Bengal are not uncommon. The following two catalogues published by Claudine Bautze-Picron include appendices by the late Gouriswar Bhattacharya with readings of several dozens of inscriptions of this type:
>> 
>>    Bautze-Picron, Claudine. 1998. The Art of Eastern India in the Collection of the Museum Für Indische Kunst, Berlin: Stone & Terracotta Sculptures. Monographien zur Indischen Archäologie, Kunst und Philologie 12. Berlin: Reimer.
>>    ———. 2014. The Forgotten Place: Stone Images from Kurkihar. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India.
>> 
>> G. Bhattacharya himself has dedicated numerous articles to such inscriptions, and most of them are assembled in this volume:
>> 
>>    Bhattacharya, Gouriswar. 2000. Essays on Buddhist, Hindu, Jain Iconography & Epigraphy. Edited by Enamul Haque. Studies in Bengal Art 1. Dhaka: The International Centre for Study of Bengal Art.
>> 
>> An effort is being made by Rajat Sanyal (University of Calcutta) as part of the DHARMA project to compile a database of such inscriptions, initially focusing on specimens that contain a (regnal) date, and I am helping him in this effort. I hope that we'll have something to show within a year or two.
>> 
>> The writing is often perfunctory (both from the point of view of physical engraving and from the point of view of grammar) and the texts are full of proper names. For these reasons, such inscriptions can be hard to decipher. Here's a quick attempt for the specimen you saw in Brussels:
>> 
>> [siddham] paścīnitañ ca māta ca ||
>> 
>> I haven't myself been reading such inscriptions lately so I expect numerous corrections from other members of this forum.
>> 
>> Best wishes,
>> 
>> Arlo Griffiths
>> https://dharma.hypotheses.org/ <https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdharma.hypotheses.org%2Fpeople%2Fgriffiths-arlo&data=04%7C01%7Cchristophe.vielle%40uclouvain.be%7C4c234d8b36d6482eb4da08d979df14f6%7C7ab090d4fa2e4ecfbc7c4127b4d582ec%7C0%7C0%7C637674822330462750%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=Fxg2Vj0SfaujU9zVrRM8rF3koUyIxcRv3M9y3rNThrw%3D&reserved=0>
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> From: INDOLOGY <indology-bounces at list.indology.info <mailto:indology-bounces at list.indology.info>> on behalf of Christophe Vielle via INDOLOGY <indology at list.indology.info <mailto:indology at list.indology.info>>
>> Sent: Thursday, September 16, 2021 4:45 PM
>> To: Indology <indology at list.indology.info <mailto:indology at list.indology.info>>
>> Subject: [INDOLOGY] Inscriptions on Pala-type sculptures of Vishnu
>>  
>> Dear list,
>> 
>> In a little exhibition of Indian and Himalayan arts in Brussels (De Marteau collection to be sold in auction by Bonhams
>> https://www.bonhams.com/video/32650/#/MR3_main_index_key=sale&m3=3 <https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bonhams.com%2Fvideo%2F32650%2F%23%2FMR3_main_index_key%3Dsale%26m3%3D3&data=04%7C01%7Cchristophe.vielle%40uclouvain.be%7C4c234d8b36d6482eb4da08d979df14f6%7C7ab090d4fa2e4ecfbc7c4127b4d582ec%7C0%7C0%7C637674822330472743%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=cq3BSBxGaUwMizuDAtI%2BGhLVQXFApf9A0LQ7mAzDKl8%3D&reserved=0> ), there is a sculpture of Vishnu in the North-East/"Pala" style. 
>> Such sculptures have been well documented in the works of Huntington or Claudine Picron  - see by the latter:
>> https://www.academia.edu/11955485/Limage_de_l%C3%82dimurti_V%C3%A2sudeva_au_Bihar_et_au_Bengale_du_5e_au_12e_si%C3%A8cle_Annali_dellIstituto_Universitario_Orientale_Naples_vol_45_1985_pp_437_481 <https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F11955485%2FLimage_de_l%25C3%2582dimurti_V%25C3%25A2sudeva_au_Bihar_et_au_Bengale_du_5e_au_12e_si%25C3%25A8cle_Annali_dellIstituto_Universitario_Orientale_Naples_vol_45_1985_pp_437_481&data=04%7C01%7Cchristophe.vielle%40uclouvain.be%7C4c234d8b36d6482eb4da08d979df14f6%7C7ab090d4fa2e4ecfbc7c4127b4d582ec%7C0%7C0%7C637674822330482737%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=%2FzTIPGcZzIkKpc1aBtInLH%2BApEP0lXe3o1oTPMsAgxY%3D&reserved=0>
>> https://www.academia.edu/20284978/The_Vishnu_Image_from_Sarisadah_in_the_Indian_Museum_Kolkata <https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F20284978%2FThe_Vishnu_Image_from_Sarisadah_in_the_Indian_Museum_Kolkata&data=04%7C01%7Cchristophe.vielle%40uclouvain.be%7C4c234d8b36d6482eb4da08d979df14f6%7C7ab090d4fa2e4ecfbc7c4127b4d582ec%7C0%7C0%7C637674822330482737%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=w15TK8bVk9AUYvCvejpdDBZl4Ijmuwe%2FYHlUibcBRag%3D&reserved=0>
>> https://www.academia.edu/41463136/Bautze_Picron_2020_Unpublished_or_little_known_Visnu_Visvarupa_images_from_Eastern_India <https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F41463136%2FBautze_Picron_2020_Unpublished_or_little_known_Visnu_Visvarupa_images_from_Eastern_India&data=04%7C01%7Cchristophe.vielle%40uclouvain.be%7C4c234d8b36d6482eb4da08d979df14f6%7C7ab090d4fa2e4ecfbc7c4127b4d582ec%7C0%7C0%7C637674822330492731%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=iG83jI2hLbDq5wSnKYUdTBXX0cntbEPTB6NbbN8CJW0%3D&reserved=0>
>> 
>> However, there is a short inscription on the pedestal (see picture attached).
>> 
>> <IMG_5393.jpeg>
>> 
>> 
>> <IMG_5391.jpeg>
>> 
>> This seems not very common - from a quick check of images of similar sculptures available online (see list below, from museums or auctions), I found only one example in an auction in Köln (via Drouot)
>> 
>> https://www.drouotonline.com/l/15353995---stele-de-vishnu-pierre-noirc <https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drouotonline.com%2Fl%2F15353995---stele-de-vishnu-pierre-noirc&data=04%7C01%7Cchristophe.vielle%40uclouvain.be%7C4c234d8b36d6482eb4da08d979df14f6%7C7ab090d4fa2e4ecfbc7c4127b4d582ec%7C0%7C0%7C637674822330492731%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=vESjsbol0hP4SZBVFQVjbgE8RUkN9%2FPA2OWIyKsf6e4%3D&reserved=0>    
>> 
>> 
>> <Inscription base Vishnu Drouot.jpeg>
>> 
>> My problem remains the precise reading/meaning of these two (genuine or added later?) inscriptions (which does not make sense to me yet, as far as I am able to read them).
>> Best wishes,
>> 
>> Christophe
>> 
>> 
>> https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vishnu_with_consorts,_India,_Pala_period,_12th_century_AD,_stone_-_Middlebury_College_Museum_of_Art_-_Middlebury,_VT_-_DSC08240.jpg <https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3AVishnu_with_consorts%2C_India%2C_Pala_period%2C_12th_century_AD%2C_stone_-_Middlebury_College_Museum_of_Art_-_Middlebury%2C_VT_-_DSC08240.jpg&data=04%7C01%7Cchristophe.vielle%40uclouvain.be%7C4c234d8b36d6482eb4da08d979df14f6%7C7ab090d4fa2e4ecfbc7c4127b4d582ec%7C0%7C0%7C637674822330502730%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=deKL3L9JM%2BSIwejQHffnMFSMYs8pZG%2F1DWxZdNL6ZTM%3D&reserved=0>
>> https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/38120 <https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Fart%2Fcollection%2Fsearch%2F38120&data=04%7C01%7Cchristophe.vielle%40uclouvain.be%7C4c234d8b36d6482eb4da08d979df14f6%7C7ab090d4fa2e4ecfbc7c4127b4d582ec%7C0%7C0%7C637674822330502730%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=onQyVDd1YqDTi8KLgK7c91oGiBSChIP5Vdfh5H60Nug%3D&reserved=0>
>> https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections/objects/28869 <https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fartmuseum.princeton.edu%2Fcollections%2Fobjects%2F28869&data=04%7C01%7Cchristophe.vielle%40uclouvain.be%7C4c234d8b36d6482eb4da08d979df14f6%7C7ab090d4fa2e4ecfbc7c4127b4d582ec%7C0%7C0%7C637674822330512724%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=vTS34LCkkV67uhuzWsEb7%2BjCBwNBFd9PgDYlTfdHcns%3D&reserved=0>
>> http://jameelcentre.ashmolean.org/collection/3/per_page/25/offset/0/sort_by/date/object/12482 <https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fjameelcentre.ashmolean.org%2Fcollection%2F3%2Fper_page%2F25%2Foffset%2F0%2Fsort_by%2Fdate%2Fobject%2F12482&data=04%7C01%7Cchristophe.vielle%40uclouvain.be%7C4c234d8b36d6482eb4da08d979df14f6%7C7ab090d4fa2e4ecfbc7c4127b4d582ec%7C0%7C0%7C637674822330512724%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=B9%2FPcGUoNVGIfmL1Y%2B2mcpgYJ%2BMIgrxZcNGcqG8X3Eg%3D&reserved=0>
>> https://searchthecollection.nga.gov.au/object?uniqueId=102840 <https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsearchthecollection.nga.gov.au%2Fobject%3FuniqueId%3D102840&data=04%7C01%7Cchristophe.vielle%40uclouvain.be%7C4c234d8b36d6482eb4da08d979df14f6%7C7ab090d4fa2e4ecfbc7c4127b4d582ec%7C0%7C0%7C637674822330522713%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=vUMlIyxOmbPfHtd9HDSTxdvXqJdEyKoNFrk6ERRMZU8%3D&reserved=0>
>> https://www.alamyimages.fr/musee-national-de-l-inde-delhi-vishnu-11eme-siecle-a-d-pala-du-bengale-occidental-pierre-l-inde-image177655275.html <https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alamyimages.fr%2Fmusee-national-de-l-inde-delhi-vishnu-11eme-siecle-a-d-pala-du-bengale-occidental-pierre-l-inde-image177655275.html&data=04%7C01%7Cchristophe.vielle%40uclouvain.be%7C4c234d8b36d6482eb4da08d979df14f6%7C7ab090d4fa2e4ecfbc7c4127b4d582ec%7C0%7C0%7C637674822330522713%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=DCKl2x5nkIDMisM7%2BU2LxBpHpnbjKLb9leMYFN6XEsA%3D&reserved=0>
>> https://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com/2014/06/pala-period-vishnu-idol-unearthed.html <https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Farchaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com%2F2014%2F06%2Fpala-period-vishnu-idol-unearthed.html&data=04%7C01%7Cchristophe.vielle%40uclouvain.be%7C4c234d8b36d6482eb4da08d979df14f6%7C7ab090d4fa2e4ecfbc7c4127b4d582ec%7C0%7C0%7C637674822330532708%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=BRIbf3JaRncE%2FY7DnBiWUb6%2FEoPZRUgGP4eOVRzSqIg%3D&reserved=0>
>> https://www.artcurial.com/en/node/1122459 <https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.artcurial.com%2Fen%2Fnode%2F1122459&data=04%7C01%7Cchristophe.vielle%40uclouvain.be%7C4c234d8b36d6482eb4da08d979df14f6%7C7ab090d4fa2e4ecfbc7c4127b4d582ec%7C0%7C0%7C637674822330532708%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=sBbECCHijKk%2FerOAdkp0huMYi0rfcNyxFN5l9anxkBQ%3D&reserved=0> 
>> https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/22316/lot/59/?category=list <https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bonhams.com%2Fauctions%2F22316%2Flot%2F59%2F%3Fcategory%3Dlist&data=04%7C01%7Cchristophe.vielle%40uclouvain.be%7C4c234d8b36d6482eb4da08d979df14f6%7C7ab090d4fa2e4ecfbc7c4127b4d582ec%7C0%7C0%7C637674822330542706%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=GAlH7yN8nr%2BFfGM20ZoriIom9Byywm8zHUncw5ty3Hs%3D&reserved=0>
>> https://www.bonhams.com/online_auctions/26903/lot/1251 <https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bonhams.com%2Fonline_auctions%2F26903%2Flot%2F1251&data=04%7C01%7Cchristophe.vielle%40uclouvain.be%7C4c234d8b36d6482eb4da08d979df14f6%7C7ab090d4fa2e4ecfbc7c4127b4d582ec%7C0%7C0%7C637674822330542706%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=H%2BST7gOvSZqPz%2BsTnpOw6CI0e6qQJgxBEaBEWaLcMp4%3D&reserved=0>
>> 
>> https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/26589/lot/89/ <https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bonhams.com%2Fauctions%2F26589%2Flot%2F89%2F&data=04%7C01%7Cchristophe.vielle%40uclouvain.be%7C4c234d8b36d6482eb4da08d979df14f6%7C7ab090d4fa2e4ecfbc7c4127b4d582ec%7C0%7C0%7C637674822330552699%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=hgX16Mz1bjZzUf%2FbKHhC4OlwsqG56fotPIgZYBD3qIw%3D&reserved=0>
>> https://www.auction.fr/_fr/lot/stele-of-vishnu-in-black-stone-pala-period-north-india-pala-period-ad-760-1142-8587681 <https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.auction.fr%2F_fr%2Flot%2Fstele-of-vishnu-in-black-stone-pala-period-north-india-pala-period-ad-760-1142-8587681&data=04%7C01%7Cchristophe.vielle%40uclouvain.be%7C4c234d8b36d6482eb4da08d979df14f6%7C7ab090d4fa2e4ecfbc7c4127b4d582ec%7C0%7C0%7C637674822330552699%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=%2Buliz2NwMJDclVCQb7opcKM5os4VK4sSgTmqDyZYxiw%3D&reserved=0>
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>> 
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> –––––––––––––––––––
>> Christophe Vielle <https://uclouvain.be/en/directories/christophe.vielle>
>> Louvain-la-Neuve
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> 
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> 
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> 

–––––––––––––––––––
Christophe Vielle <https://uclouvain.be/en/directories/christophe.vielle>
Louvain-la-Neuve

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