[INDOLOGY] Grammatical question

[Harry Spier]

The two articles by S.K. Chatterji both titled "The Pronounciation of
Sanskrit" but written 30 years apart address the pronounciation of anusvara
in different parts of India and also whats considered "correct"
pronounciation of sanskrit.  I've attached one article and given you a link
to the second one on archive.ort

Indian Linguistics 21:  pages 61-82
I've attached this article

K. B. Pathak Commemoration volume  pages 333 - 350
https://archive.org/download/k.b.pathakcommemorationvolumes.k.belvalkar_272_w/K.B.%20Pathak%20Commemoration%20Volume%20-S.K.%20Belvalkar.pdf

Harry Spier



On Mon, Apr 20, 2020 at 10:51 PM Madhav Deshpande via INDOLOGY <
indology at list.indology.info> wrote:

> Dear George,
>
>      As per Pāṇini's rules, a word-final *m* changes to *anusvāra *before
> any consonant [*mo 'nusvāraḥ, hali*].  Then come option rules.  Before
> *y/v/l*, an *anusvāra *can optionally change to nasal versions of *y/v/l*.
> Before the stops, it can optionally change to a nasal homogeneous with
> the following stop [*parasavarṇa*].  This leaves *r/ś/ṣ/s/h*, and before
> these it remains *anusvāra*.  In some Vedic traditions, in this last
> environment, it becomes *nāsikya *or *raṅga*.  Then there are rules which
> change *n* into an *anusvāra *in some environments.  This is the general
> description according to Pāṇini.  Some other grammars do allow an *m *occurring at
> the end of an occurrence before a pause to change into *anusvāra*,
> reflecting some local variation.  Of course, the actual pronunciation of an *anusvāra
> *probably differed regionally as we notice today, and different Vedic
> traditions have conventionally settled ways of its pronunciation.  Also
> rules that are optional in Pāṇini don't necessarily remain optional in
> various Vedic tradition.  In most Vedic recitations I have heard, the
> change of an *anusvāra *into a *parasavarṇa *nasal is almost done
> invariably.
>
> Madhav
>
> Madhav M. Deshpande
> Professor Emeritus, Sanskrit and Linguistics
> University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
> Senior Fellow, Oxford Center for Hindu Studies
>
> [Residence: Campbell, California, USA]
>
>
> On Mon, Apr 20, 2020 at 6:59 PM George Hart via INDOLOGY <
> indology at list.indology.info> wrote:
>
>> I’ve been enjoying the discussion on Indology. A friend had a question
>> about Sanskrit that I could not answer properly. It involves the
>> pronunciation of anusvāra before various consonants. I believe that before
>> y, r, l and v, it is nasalized. Assuming that is correct, is it also
>> nasalized before ś, ṣ, s and h? Some people say samskṛta, with an m sound,
>> but I always assumed it was a nasal sound. I think the nasal is put in the
>> same phonetic category as the ś etc. — i.e.in aṃśa it is a palatal
>> nasal, in saṃskṛta it is a dental nasal, and in siṃha it is sort of a velar
>> nasal sound. The problem is, everyone seems to say simha (m sound), not the
>> nasal sound. What do the grammarians say? Is there a correct pronunciation,
>> or can one choose between the nasal and the “m” before ś, ṣ, s and h?
>> George Hart
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