Re: [INDOLOGY] all-pervasive puruṣa in classical Sāṃkhya

[Johannes Bronkhorst]

Dear Lubomir,

The contradiction you have come across is not the only one in classical Sāṃkhya. You may wish to have a look at the following article:
"The contradiction of Sāṃkhya: on the number and the size of the different tattvas." Études Asiatiques / Asiatische Studien 53(3), 1999 (Proceedings of the Conference on Sāṃkhya, Lausanne 6-8 November 1998), pp. 679-691.
http://my.unil.ch/serval/document/BIB_B50AF4380618.pdf

Good luck with it.

Johannes


On 18 Jun 2018, at 18:04, Lubomír Ondračka via INDOLOGY <indology at list.indology.info<mailto:indology at list.indology.info>> wrote:

Dear Dan,

thanks for this reference. As you say, this reflects a pre-classical or proto-Sāṃkhya teaching; in classical Sāṃkhya all puruṣas are the same, there are no different types or kinds of puruṣas.

Jayamaṅgalā is probably the latest among the pre-Kaumudī commentaries and stays a bit apart from other commentaries. Sure, it might reflect some older teaching that survived outside the Sāṃkhya mainstream. But the question whether each puruṣa is all-pervasive all the time or only when liberated seems to me rather crucial. All commentaries apparently take it for granted that puruṣas are all-pervasive all the time, only Jayamaṅgalā for some reason distinguishes between liberated and non-liberated puruṣa. This puzzles me.

I simply do not understand how could puruṣa (being an absolutely passive, reflective consciousness devoid of any activity) have any capacity for changing itself?

Best,
Lubomir


On Sun, 17 Jun 2018 20:54:32 -040;
Dan Lusthaus <prajnapti at gmail.com<mailto:prajnapti at gmail.com>> wrote:

Dear Lubomír,

If I understand correctly what you are asking, then one place to look would be the Bhagavad Gītā, XV.16-19 (though the Gītā reflects a pre-classical form of Sāṃkhya, in which, e.g., puruṣa is still causal) which mentions three types of puruṣa: Kṣara puruṣa, Akṣara puruṣa, and Puruṣottama (only the last is equivalent to Paramātman).

best wishes,
Dan

On Jun 17, 2018, at 5:42 PM, Lubomír Ondračka via INDOLOGY <indology at list.indology.info<mailto:indology at list.indology.info>> wrote:

This is surprising. According to this commentary, puruṣa is all-pervasive only when liberated, otherwise he is not all-pervasive and in this sense similar to vyakta. I cannot answer the question of my students how could puruṣa (who is absolutely passive etc.) change itself so dramatically? And where does this concept occur in classical Sāṃkhya? Could you please help me with these answers? I am not a specialist in Sāṃkhya, we have this seminar just for fun, so I probably missed something in Sāṃkhya teaching on puruṣa. I promised to my students that I will ask this learned forum to get the right answers.


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