Re: [INDOLOGY] Hypermetrical upajāti

[Bill Mak]

Dear Dr. Karashima,

Many thanks for the fascinating and very prompt reply. Indeed the Triṣṭubh-Jagatī mixture is similar to Upajāti-Vaṃśastha mix. I found it curious that this phenomenon is observed only in one particular chapter in the text I am looking at. If I understand your thesis correctly, you suggested that the mixed meter is an archaic feature and the parallel version without mixed meter was standardized subsequently. If this was the case for this rather difficult chapter of the Vṛddhayavanajātaka, this may then be interpreted as a vestige of an older version which somehow resisted standardization. 

Is there any explanation for why this mixture came into being in the first place, especially in Buddhist texts and epics? If one considers the two meters as catalectic/acatalectic version of each other, and if one meter is predominant (upajāti in this chapter 66.3%, in the entire work probably 99.9%), wouldn’t the other be considered hypermetrical?

Best regards,

Bill Mak   


> On Jul 8, 2017, at 8:26 PM, Seishi Karashima <skarashima at gmail.com> wrote:
> 
> Dear Dr. Mak,
> They are not hypermetrical. A mixture of Triṣṭubh and Jagatī metres in one stanza is found in verses of the old stratum of the Mahābhārata, in the older Pali scriptures, e.g. the Suttanipāta, Dhammapada, Theragāthā etc., in the Mahāvastu, and in the older so-called "Mahāyāna" scriptures, such as the Saddharmapuṇḍarīka, Samādhirñasūtra etc. See my article: "The Triṣṭubh-Jagatī Verses in the Saddharmapuṇḍarīka" (https://www.academia.edu/23891666/The_Triṣṭubh-Jagatī_Verses_in_the_Saddharmapuṇḍarīka <https://www.academia.edu/23891666/The_Tri%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%ADubh-Jagat%C4%AB_Verses_in_the_Saddharmapu%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Dar%C4%ABka>).
> With best regards,
> Seishi Karashima
> 
> 2017-07-08 20:08 GMT+09:00 Bill Mak via INDOLOGY <indology at list.indology.info <mailto:indology at list.indology.info>>:
> Dear colleagues,
> 
> I am currently editing the Vṛddhayavanajātaka and came across a chapter that is full of hypermetrical pādas (always vaṃśastha) in an otherwise regular upajāti text. I understand that hypermetrical upajāti is noted in the epics. Could anyone enlighten me on this phenomenon, its history and how widespread it is?
> 
> Here is a sample:
> 04.03ab śanaiścare lagnagate ca nīcage pāpāṃśake pāpayute ca dṛṣṭe/ [a: h.m.]
> 04.03cd pāpasya lagne guruṇā vimukte pāpāt prasūtiṃ pravadanti candre//3//
> 04.07ab yadā śaniḥ pañcamadharmago 'thavā bhaumo 'tha bandhuvyayagaḥ kathaṃcana/ [ab: h.m.]
> 04.07cd tadāṅgabhaṅgaṃ pravadet samagraṃ dṛṣṭe balena pravadanti kiṃcit//7//
> 04.09ab bhaume 'ṣṭame sūryasute vilagne nabhastalasthe himaraśmije ca/
> 04.09cd vane prasūtiṃ pravadanti yoṣitāṃ sūryeṇa mārge manujair vivarjite//9// [cd: h.m.]
> 04.10ab śanaiścare mūrtigate himāṃśuje vyayasthite nīcagate prabhākare/ [ab: h.m.]
> 04.10cd vilomajanma pravadanti bhūmije sabhārgave nālaviveṣṭitasya//10// [c: h.m.]
> 04.14ab śanaiścare vīryayute tu taijasaṃ sūryeṇa tāmrodbhavam eva bhūṣaṇam/ [ab: h.m.]
> 04.14cd candreṇa māṇikyabhavaṃ hiraṇyajaṃ saumyena śukreṇa ca rītisambhavam//14// [cd: h.m.]
> 07.70ab kleśān vicitrān sutadāravairaṃ dhanapraṇāśaṃ pracurāṃ ca vāṇīm/
> 07.70cd lāgnī daśā mandadaśāvipāke pāpā vidhatte vividhāṃś ca rogān//70//
> 
> Note: In the case of 4.14, the entire verse becomes vaṃśastha.
> 7.70b - I am keen to emend vāṇīm to vāṇinīm, assuming it is hypermetrical.
> 
> Many thanks in advanced for any hint!
> 
> Bill Mak
> 
> -- 
> Bill M. Mak
> 
> Institute for Research in Humanities, Kyoto University
> Yoshidahonmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501
> Japan
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> 
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> 
> copies of my publications may be found at:
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> 
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