From DUBINSE at DUVM.EARN Mon May 3 16:48:39 1993 From: DUBINSE at DUVM.EARN (S. Dubin) Date: Mon, 03 May 93 12:48:39 -0400 Subject: Bahuvrihi Compounds Message-ID: <161227015786.23782.9155475924481508056.generated@prod2.harmonylists.io> My son, a PhD candidate in Information Science has posed this question. I have sent him some textbook material on bahuvrihi compounds, but none of these dealt with the derivation of the term "bahuvrihi" itself; namely, why a term meaning "much-riced" or "having much rice" would be used to denote an exocentric compound. Your help will be appreciated since it will help me to maintain status with my son who outpaced me intellectually when he was about 8 years old. ======================================================================== 37 Do you have any idea why exocentric compounds are called "bahuvrihi" compounds by Sanskrit grammarians? An exocentric compound is one that lacks a "head." For example, a bootstrap (ignoring the semantic drift) is a kind of strap and a truck driver a kind of driver. Those are endocentric compounds. But a pickpocket is not a kind of pocket, nor is a lazybones a kind of bone (or a kind of lazyness). These headless compounds are exocentric. The word bahuvrihi means "(having) much rice" and I was wondering how I could find out whether the word is itself an exocentric compound. For example, if "muchrice" is used to denote an affluent person, then it would be neither a kind of rice nor a kind of muchness. Now that I've turned in my morphology final I am free to discuss trivia like this (although I should be grading papers instead). +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=+ | Stephen Dubin VMD PhD | | Biomedical Engineering and Science Institute | | Drexel University, Philadelphia PA 19104 | | Phone: 215-895-2219 Fax: 215-895-4983 | | Email: dubinse at duvm.ocs.drexel.edu CIS: 76074,55 | +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=+ From CXBG at MUSICA.MCGILL.CA Tue May 4 12:54:51 1993 From: CXBG at MUSICA.MCGILL.CA (Brendan S. Gillon) Date: Tue, 04 May 93 08:54:51 -0400 Subject: Bahuvrihi Compounds Message-ID: <161227015787.23782.2878583932856789540.generated@prod2.harmonylists.io> The message below is a comment on the a portion of an earlier message pertaining to bahuvrihi compounds. The portion reads as follows: An exocentric compound is one that lacks a "head." For example, a bootstrap (ignoring the semantic drift) is a kind of strap and a truck driver a kind of driver. Those are endocentric compounds. But a pickpocket is not a kind of pocket, nor is a lazybones a kind of bone (or a kind of lazyness). These headless compounds are exocentric. Bahuvrihi compounds are compounds, typically of the form Noun Noun or Adjective Noun, where the first word can be construed predicatively wrt the second; the compound as a whole modifies, in the way an adjective does, some other word. Most such compounds in English are marked with the possessive suffix -ed: "two-foot-ed", "fair-mind-ed", "even-hand-ed", "dim-witted". (By the way, this is the same possessive suffix which appears in words such as "talented", "bearded".) In many cases, where the adjectival compound is used as an epithet or a noun, the -ed suffix, the suffix is omissible: e.g., "dim-wit", "heavy weight". Sanskrit bahuvrihi compounds are just like these compounds, except the suffix is phonetically null, though there is the alternative overt suffix -ka. These compounds are different from "pickpocket". These compounds, numerous but not productive in English, were apparently borrowed into English from French, where they are very productive. They have the form Verb Noun and are paraphrasable as "one who or that which verbs a noun". These compounds are themselves nouns, not adjectives, unlike bahuvrihi compounds. "Pickpocket"-like compounds do occur in Vedic Sanskrit, rarely, and even more rarely in Classical Sanskrit. From CXBG at MUSICA.MCGILL.CA Wed May 5 01:26:54 1993 From: CXBG at MUSICA.MCGILL.CA (Brendan S. Gillon) Date: Tue, 04 May 93 21:26:54 -0400 Subject: Bahuvrihi Compounds Message-ID: <161227015790.23782.6640910904091532859.generated@prod2.harmonylists.io> Here is what is said in the introduction to the Joshi & Roodbergen translation of A 2.2.23-38 (p. vii of the introduction): Panini borrowed the names of these types of cps from earlier grammarians. All of them are significant. The term avyayibhava tells that the cp. is an avyaya "indelcinable". The term tatpurusa means "his servant", and is a sample of the class which it designates. T The term dvigu is a sample of the dvigu class. It means "bought for two cows". The term bahuvrihi is again a sample term, meaning "(a country) where much rice grows". . . Brendan Gillon Brendan S. Gillon Department of Linguistics 1001 Sherbrooke Street West Tel: 514 398 4868 McGill University Fax: 514 398 7088 Montreal, Quebec email: cxbg at musica.mcgill.ca H3A 2T6 CANADA From rsalomon at u.washington.edu Wed May 5 15:54:43 1993 From: rsalomon at u.washington.edu (Richard Salomon) Date: Wed, 05 May 93 08:54:43 -0700 Subject: Bahuvrihi Compounds (fwd) Message-ID: <161227015792.23782.7757931121519081025.generated@prod2.harmonylists.io> I agree with Brendan Gillon's reply to the bahuvrihi question, i.e. that the term is nothing but what it looks like, namely a technical term of the self-illustrating-example type; cf. modern terms like "bow-wow word". (Also old linguistic jokes like "methatasis" and "haplogy".) Like the names of other compound types, the term was evidently traditional and conventional already by Panini's time [note the (non-)definition in Pa.2.2.23], and we can hardly hope to pin down its origins beyond that. Some of the other terms are more problematic than "bahuvrihi," especially "karmadharaya"; see, for example, Edgerton's article in JAOS 72 (1952), pp.80-1. Richard Salomon Asian Languages & Literature University of Washington Seattle WA >?From THRASHER at MAIL.LOC.GOV 05 1993 May GMT 15:33:15 Date: 05 May 1993 15:33:15 GMT From: ALLEN W THRASHER Subject: URDU EPHEMERA OFFER Would any library with an exchange and gift relation with the Library of Congress like about 250 Urdu pamphlets from Pakistan from 1960-1980, mostly ultra-routine Islamic materials and religiopolitical materials (e.g. on the status of Jerusalem). These would be duplicates for any library that had received Urdu ephemera from the cooperative acquisitions (PL480) program. We have decided that the items in question are too trivial for us even to fiche in collections.If the referees don't object, perhaps the response should go to the networks and not to me directly, so that people can know they've already been claimed and if they're interested know where they go. Allen Thrasher Asian Division Library of Congress Washington, DC 20540-4744 USA thrasher at mail.loc.gov tel. 202-707-5600 fax 202-707-1724 From A.Raman at massey.ac.nz Tue May 4 21:32:49 1993 From: A.Raman at massey.ac.nz (Anand V Raman) Date: Wed, 05 May 93 09:32:49 +1200 Subject: Bahuvrihi Compounds Message-ID: <161227015789.23782.8830222107669025059.generated@prod2.harmonylists.io> Stephen Dubin VMD PhD wrote: > compounds are exocentric. The word bahuvrihi means "(having) much rice" > and I was wondering how I could find out whether the word is itself I am not sure about the connection between bahuvrihi and much-rice. I would have assumed bahuvrihi to indicate external root or external tree. Bahu is almost certainly connected to the root bah+ meaning external or outside and vrihi might have been derived from the root vrih+ for growing (as in vriksha for tree) Thus bahuvrihi could mean external-root or external-tree, indicating that the root of the word is outside it's literal content! Hope this makes sense. - & (anand v raman) From TA0GXR1 at NIU.EARN Wed May 5 17:53:00 1993 From: TA0GXR1 at NIU.EARN (TA0GXR1 at NIU.EARN) Date: Wed, 05 May 93 12:53:00 -0500 Subject: Bahuvrihi Compounds (fwd) Message-ID: <161227015795.23782.10216811274403252916.generated@prod2.harmonylists.io> IT IS QUITE CLEAR THAT THE PEOPLE INVOLVED IN THE DISCUSSION ARE MORE QUALIFIED THAN I AM IN SANSKRIT. I HAD SANSKRIT IN HIGH SCHHOL FOR FOUR YEARS AND I STILL RECALL THAT BAHUBRIHI MEANS A PERSON HAVING MUCH RICE. INFACT, THE WORD BAHUBRIHI ITSELF IS AN EXAMPLE OF BAHUBRIHI SAMASA. THE VYAS VAKYA FOR BAHUBRIHI IS A PERSON PERSON HAVING MUCH RICE. I THINK YOU SHOULD LOOK INTO THE MEANING OF THE WORD "BRIHI" BECAUSE THAT'S THE WORD WHICH IS CREATING THE PROBLEM HERE. I DISAGREE WITH THE SUGGESTION THAT BAHU IS DERIVED FROM BAH+ WHICH MEANS OUTSIDE AND BRIHI COMES FROM THE WORD VRIKSHA WHICH MEANS IN SOMEWAY ROOT. SO THE WORD BAHUBRIHI MEANS OUTSIDE THE ROOT. VRIKSHA MEANS TREE AND NOT THE ROOT AND THERE IS NO SUCH WORD BAH+ WHICH MEANS OUTSIDE. WELL THERE IS MY 2 BITS. From DUBINSE at DUVM.EARN Wed May 5 18:23:58 1993 From: DUBINSE at DUVM.EARN (S. Dubin) Date: Wed, 05 May 93 14:23:58 -0400 Subject: Thank you Message-ID: <161227015794.23782.8412568985231153077.generated@prod2.harmonylists.io> On behalf of my son, Dave and myself; I extend my thanks for the many scholarly and informative (not mutually exclusive) responses to his inquiry about bahuvrihi compounds. I think that he is reaching the viewpoint that, in his quest to understand the structure of language, he cannot ingore Sanskrt. +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=+ | Stephen Dubin VMD PhD | | Biomedical Engineering and Science Institute | | Drexel University, Philadelphia PA 19104 | | Phone: 215-895-2219 Fax: 215-895-4983 | | Email: dubinse at duvm.ocs.drexel.edu CIS: 76074,55 | +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=+ From calibanj at aol.com Thu May 6 17:08:55 1993 From: calibanj at aol.com (calibanj at aol.com) Date: Thu, 06 May 93 13:08:55 -0400 Subject: New bookstore online! Message-ID: <161227015799.23782.763857808581842911.generated@prod2.harmonylists.io> CALIBAN Just a short note to introduce ourselves. We are a rare and antiquarian bookstore specializing in poetry, modern first editions, art, philosophy, religion, Western PA history, and antiquarian travel. Many out of print titles. Top dollar paid for scholarly books in all fields. If in Pittsburgh visit us in our shop in the Oakland section or you can us at the following address. CalibanJ at aol.com [Internet] Caliban Book Shop 416 South Craig St. Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (412) 681-9111 From A.Raman at massey.ac.nz Thu May 6 08:35:50 1993 From: A.Raman at massey.ac.nz (Anand V Raman) Date: Thu, 06 May 93 20:35:50 +1200 Subject: Bahuvrihi Compounds (fwd) Message-ID: <161227015797.23782.18034122426517234861.generated@prod2.harmonylists.io> In <"mailhub.li.144:05.04.93.22.29.37"@liverpool.ac.uk> TA0GXR1 at NIU.EARN (Gautam Rayachauduri) writes: >IT IS QUITE CLEAR THAT THE PEOPLE INVOLVED IN THE DISCUSSION ARE >MORE QUALIFIED THAN I AM IN SANSKRIT. I HAD SANSKRIT IN HIGH >SCHHOL FOR FOUR YEARS AND I STILL RECALL THAT BAHUBRIHI MEANS >A PERSON HAVING MUCH RICE. INFACT, THE WORD BAHUBRIHI ITSELF I must apologize for making a wildly speculative conjecture in such an unscholarly manner. I admit I got carried away when I read the original query and connected Bahu with Bahi: which stands for "outer" (as in Bahishprajna for consciousness of externals (in Mandukya Karika 1.1)) and vrihi with vrih+ which, Monier Williams conjectures, meant "to grow" (He also says vrih+ is a possible ancestor of the word Brahma meaning the primordial substance of the universe). I would have apologized sooner, but since the message was all in uppercase, it took me a while to get to grips with it. :-) Cheers. - & From ucgadkw at ucl.ac.uk Thu May 6 19:44:53 1993 From: ucgadkw at ucl.ac.uk (ucgadkw at ucl.ac.uk) Date: Thu, 06 May 93 20:44:53 +0100 Subject: Job: Lectureship in Religion (India), Manchester Message-ID: <161227015801.23782.12265793096057711455.generated@prod2.harmonylists.io> University of Manchester ======================== Further particulars of appointment of a lecturer in comparative religiion, specializing in Indian religions. 1. The University invites applications for the above post which is tenable from September/October 1993 or as soon as possible thereafter. 2. The Department wishes to continue its longstanding programme of research and teaching in the general area of Indian religions. The successful candidate will be a specialist in either ancient or modern periods, and should be able to apply both historical and comparative approaches to the study of Buddhist and Hindu religions. 3. General Particulars of appointment in the grade of Lecturer are given [below] and further information is given in the attached job description. 4. The initial salary attached to the appointment will be within the range 13,400-14,962 pounds per annum. 5. Applications quoting reference 110/93, including a full curriculum vitae, should be addressed to the Registrar (Academic Staffing Office), the University, Manchester M13 9PL, and must be received by him no later than May 21st, 1993. 6. Short-listed candidates will be invited to give a short presentation on their research interests and teaching proposals prior to their interview. It is hoped that interviews will be held in mid-late June. 7. The University is an Equal Opportunity Employer. K. E. Kitchen, Registrar April 22nd, 1993. With the compliments of the Registrar. -------------------------------------------------------------------- There is an attached Job description, but I'm not prepared to type it out. Sorry. Get Manchester to FAX it to you, if you're interested in following up. Dominik From D.Wujastyk at ucl.ac.uk Fri May 7 12:04:46 1993 From: D.Wujastyk at ucl.ac.uk (Dominik Wujastyk) Date: Fri, 07 May 93 12:04:46 +0000 Subject: New bookstore online! (Internet abuse) Message-ID: <161227015803.23782.13167314486095045198.generated@prod2.harmonylists.io> In Message Thu, 06 May 93 18:29:41 BST, calibanj at aol.com writes: >CALIBAN Just a short note to introduce ourselves. We are a >rare and antiquarian bookstore specializing in poetry, modern first editions, >art, philosophy, religion, Western PA history, and antiquarian travel. >Many out of print titles. Top dollar paid for scholarly books in all >fields. The rules governing the use of the Internet are very strict in forbidding any commercial use of the net, *especially advertising*. While the above message may be interesting and useful, it could get us all into a lot of trouble. INDOLOGY might have to close down. So please, be careful about this sort of thing. There are ways of mentioning commercial services and products en passant which let everyone know about them without blatantly advertising. Dominik ---------------- Dominik Wujastyk d.wujastyk at ucl.ac.uk +44 71 611 8467 From RCJ at automation.university-library.cambridge.ac.uk Fri May 7 16:22:00 1993 From: RCJ at automation.university-library.cambridge.ac.uk (RCJ at automation.university-library.cambridge.ac.uk) Date: Fri, 07 May 93 16:22:00 +0000 Subject: Announcement of a new edition of a Mongolian translation of the Kanjur section of the Tripitaka... Message-ID: <161227015805.23782.3273350685528765960.generated@prod2.harmonylists.io> Readers of this list with an interest in the translations of Indic texts into other languages might be interested to know of the availability of a new Mongolian edition of the Kanjur section of the Tripitaka. You might want to put a recommendation in to your library if it is a library strong on Buddhist studies. " T H E K A N J U R " - A M O N G O L I A N E D I T I O N "The Kanjur" in Mongolian, a voluminous Buddhist classic of world renown, constitutes one of the important cultural heritages of the Mongols. It consists originally of 108 slip-cases and 1,161 Chapters which number altogether 41,519 pages. The new Mongolian edition is collated and annotated by the Committee for the Series of the Mongolian "Kanjur" and is to be published by the Liaoning Press for Nationalities. This edition is based mainly on the saffron- ink edition in Beijing which appeared during the years 1717- 1720 under the reign of the Emperor Kangxi. It was prepared with detailed reference to various editions including Polyglottal Dharani. Many corrections and comparisons are being added to this effort before it is finalised in computerised typesetting and laser photo-composition. The present edition will be a deluxe edition bound in yellow satin with a format of 16mo, (787mm/1092mm). The text is printed on 60-gram paper for offset printing. A whole set of the classic Kanjur contains some 50 million words in 54 volumes with about 1,000 pages each. Price per set is U.S. $45,000.00, and the set will be completed within four years. The price may be payable in four instalments or in one lump sum. The first part of the classic "Dandra" will appear by October 1993 at a price of U.S. $10.928.00. Completed orders should be received by the Liaoning Press for Nationalities by December 1992 and payment must be received not later than the end of March 1993. Liaoning Press for Nationalities #108 First North Street Peace District City of Shenyang 110001 China This seems a worthwhile endeavour by a minority language group within China and though the price may at first seem high, given the size of the edition and the beauty of its production you should be able to persuade your library it needs a copy. :-) From DNN4745 at TAMVM1.EARN Mon May 10 15:41:25 1993 From: DNN4745 at TAMVM1.EARN (david nelson) Date: Mon, 10 May 93 10:41:25 -0500 Subject: Diacritics for Word Perfect Message-ID: <161227015807.23782.16560915254365558607.generated@prod2.harmonylists.io> I seem to remember some time back that several individuals(?) have developed screen fonts for the diacritics in Word Perfect for use in transliterating Sanskrit and other South Asian languages. Could anyone who is using Word Perfect for South Asian language transliteration contact me regarding their setup. David Nelson Texas A&M University EMAIL: davidnelson at tamu.edu From CSP1 at PSUVM.PSU.EDU Mon May 10 19:27:00 1993 From: CSP1 at PSUVM.PSU.EDU (CSP1) Date: Mon, 10 May 93 15:27:00 -0400 Subject: Diacritics for Word Perfect Message-ID: <161227015809.23782.9415795840299038415.generated@prod2.harmonylists.io> Dear David Nelson- Some time ago I purchased a diacritics program for WordPerfect designed by Tony Duff of The Tibetan Computer Company in Boulder, Colorado. It works with the DOS based WP 5.0 and 5.1 versions. I have it for Palatino fonts (the equivalent of Times Roman) and Courrier fonts. I have found it to be absolutely great in all respects. It does everything I could ask of it. The problem is that I think the company may have gone out of business. The last time I tried calling them to get some support, I was told that the phone number was discontinued. I would suppose that there are enough people with copies that if you needed some, they are certainly available. All you need is a system with some hard drive space, VGA graphics with 256K, and an HP LaserJet printer and you're in business. They did make a printer driver for dot-matrix printers, but the system is actually desinged for HP LaserJet or printers that emulate it. If there's any way I can help beyond my superficial knowledge of how it works, don't hesitate to ask. Dr. Charles S. Prebish Pennsylvania State University E-Mail: CSP1 at PSUVM.PSU.EDU Religious Studies Program Voice Mail: 814/865-1121 211 Sparks Building Fax: 814/865-3641 University Park, Pa. 16802 From D.Wujastyk at ucl.ac.uk Tue May 11 11:49:43 1993 From: D.Wujastyk at ucl.ac.uk (Dominik Wujastyk) Date: Tue, 11 May 93 11:49:43 +0000 Subject: Diacritics for Word Perfect Message-ID: <161227015811.23782.16237254915869973762.generated@prod2.harmonylists.io> In Message Mon, 10 May 93 17:16:30 BST, david nelson writes: >I seem to remember some time back that several individuals(?) have developed >screen fonts for the diacritics in Word Perfect for use in transliterating >Sanskrit and other South Asian languages. Could anyone who is using >Word Perfect for South Asian language transliteration contact me regarding >their setup. Dear David, VGA and EGA screen fonts for the IBMPC & clones, giving the CSX character set, are available for anonymous ftp at ftp.bcc.ac.uk in the directory /pub/users/ucgadkw/indology as the file iass.zip .. or something like that. Best wishes, Dominik ---------------------- Dominik Wujastyk Phone (and voice messages): +44 71 611 8467 From jon at hook.dignet.corp.mot.com Wed May 12 14:02:04 1993 From: jon at hook.dignet.corp.mot.com (Jon Whalen) Date: Wed, 12 May 93 09:02:04 -0500 Subject: "New bookstore online! (Internet abuse)" _Not exactly_ Message-ID: <161227015815.23782.4709535545742300078.generated@prod2.harmonylists.io> In message <43491.D.Wujastyk at ucl.ac.uk>you write: >In Message Thu, 06 May 93 18:29:41 BST, calibanj at aol.com writes: > >>CALIBAN Just a short note to introduce ourselves. We are a >>rare and antiquarian bookstore specializing in poetry, modern first editions, >>art, philosophy, religion, Western PA history, and antiquarian travel. >>Many out of print titles. Top dollar paid for scholarly books in all >>fields. > >The rules governing the use of the Internet are very strict in forbidding >any commercial use of the net, *especially advertising*. While the above >message may be interesting and useful, it could get us all into a lot >of trouble. INDOLOGY might have to close down. > >So please, be careful about this sort of thing. There are ways of >mentioning commercial services and products en passant which let >everyone know about them without blatantly advertising. > >Dominik >---------------- >Dominik Wujastyk d.wujastyk at ucl.ac.uk > +44 71 611 8467 Dominik, Unfortunately, it's not quite that simple, at least here in the U.S. There _are_ restrictions on commercial traffic over parts of the "Internet", in particular the NSFnet backbone. However, there are many pieces to the Internet over which there are no explicit restrictions on commercial use. You are correct in that, traditionally, advertising on the net has been frowned upon. In recent years, though, its use has become accepted in certain news groups/mailing lists, in groups dedicated to new product announcements, technology discussion, etc. More recently there has come a flood of commercial traffic of all kinds, from commercial (read, 'for profit') Internet access providers, subscription news feeds (e.g. Clarinet) and other sources. About the only way to ensure that advertising won't pop up again in the future would be to put it's restriction into the list charter (the list administrator sets the charter) and appoint a moderator (again, the list administrator does this). In any case, the list is unlikely to be harassed by the Internet police from this side of the pond. The most likely scenario would be a mass signoff if the level of advertising gets out-of-hand. *Jon S. Whalen Phone: (708) 576-0166* *Lead Software Engineer, Motorola, Inc. Fax: (708) 576-0892* *Corporate, Computer & Communications R&D * *Internet: jon at hook.corp.mot.com / Compuserve: 76665,3043 / AOL:JonSWhalen* From NEIS at automation.university-library.cambridge.ac.uk Wed May 12 09:34:00 1993 From: NEIS at automation.university-library.cambridge.ac.uk (NEIS at automation.university-library.cambridge.ac.uk) Date: Wed, 12 May 93 09:34:00 +0000 Subject: Diacritics for Word Perfect Message-ID: <161227015813.23782.1049224080698488022.generated@prod2.harmonylists.io> CSX = ? From D.Wujastyk at ucl.ac.uk Wed May 12 15:53:24 1993 From: D.Wujastyk at ucl.ac.uk (Dominik Wujastyk) Date: Wed, 12 May 93 15:53:24 +0000 Subject: Diacritics for Word Perfect Message-ID: <161227015817.23782.5482682259165378090.generated@prod2.harmonylists.io> In Message Wed, 12 May 93 09:45:19 BST, NEIS at automation.university-library.cambridge.ac.uk writes: > >CSX = ? Computer Sanskrit Extended. See the documentation in the file iass.zip (or some such) available from the listserv or by ftp from ftp.bcc.ac.uk:pub/users/ucgadkw/indology. Dominik ---------------- Dominik Wujastyk d.wujastyk at ucl.ac.uk +44 71 611 8467 From JHUBBARD at smith.smith.edu Thu May 13 20:05:01 1993 From: JHUBBARD at smith.smith.edu (JHUBBARD at smith.smith.edu) Date: Thu, 13 May 93 16:05:01 -0400 Subject: Diacritics for Word Perfect Message-ID: <161227015819.23782.11745670568054926305.generated@prod2.harmonylists.io> Hi. I have a set of Times Roman fonts w/ diacritics needed for Sanskrit and (and Japanese), a WordPerfect .pfs file for 5.0 and 5.1, screen fonts, and a macro to aid input. You are welcome to all of it. I also have a student working on creating a TimesRoman and Helvitica diacritic fonts for True Type and Adobe Type I. These latter fonts, when finished, will be in the CS code system endorsed by the Sanskritists. All will be freely available. Give me a few days and I will try to upload the HP fonts to an FTP site someplace. Jamie Hubbard, Smith College PS. The code points for the HP fonts are my own wierd creations, so you will have to do some search-and-replace to use them. I include an easily modifiable (but slow) Word Perfect macro to help out. From ucgadkw at ucl.ac.uk Fri May 14 09:09:47 1993 From: ucgadkw at ucl.ac.uk (ucgadkw at ucl.ac.uk) Date: Fri, 14 May 93 10:09:47 +0100 Subject: Diacritics for Word Perfect Message-ID: <161227015821.23782.17112497748054632782.generated@prod2.harmonylists.io> Jamie, I'd be interested in your Sanskrit-roman fonts, and especially in the CS charset ones that you mention are forthcoming. Good work! I can provide anon ftp if you wish. Dominik From Alan.Thew at liverpool.ac.uk Mon May 17 10:24:15 1993 From: Alan.Thew at liverpool.ac.uk (Alan Thew) Date: Mon, 17 May 93 11:24:15 +0100 Subject: New list. Message-ID: <161227015823.23782.17565899466902185420.generated@prod2.harmonylists.io> for your information. ------- Forwarded Message I picked the following from the net. If you think it might be of interest to Indologists perhaps you could forward it to all on the list. -==--==--==--==--<>--==--==--==--==- >From owner-new-list%VM1.NODAK.EDU at VM1.NODAK.EDU Mon May 17 04:18:57 1993 Date: Sun, 16 May 1993 21:39:07 CDT Reply-To: phoffman at netcom.com Sender: NEW-LIST - New List Announcements From: "Paul E. Hoffman" Subject: NEW: Ayurveda mail list To: Multiple recipients of list NEW-LIST ayurveda at netcom.com I have started a new mailing list to discuss ayurveda, the science of life that has been practiced in India for at least 5000 years. If you are currently practicing ayurveda or are just interested, please feel free to sign onto the mailing list. (If you've never heard of Ayurveda and are intrigued, two good books are _Perfect Health_ by Deepak Chopra and _Ayurveda: Science of Life_ by Vasant Lad.) To get on the mailing list, please send a message including your preferred mailing address to: ayurveda-request at netcom.com To send a message to the mailing list, use: ayurveda at netcom.com Owner: Paul E. Hoffman phoffman at netcom.com -==--==--==--==--<>--==--==--==--==- ------- End of Forwarded Message From ucgadkw at ucl.ac.uk Mon May 17 15:17:27 1993 From: ucgadkw at ucl.ac.uk (ucgadkw at ucl.ac.uk) Date: Mon, 17 May 93 16:17:27 +0100 Subject: Tibetan position at the British Library Message-ID: <161227015825.23782.2909450497492189261.generated@prod2.harmonylists.io> THE BRITISH LIBRARY VACANCY FOR CURATOR OF TIBETAN COLLECTIONS, GRADE 8 (CURATOR D), ORIENTAL AND INDIA OFFICE COLLECTIONS, BRITISH LIBRARY. Applications are invited from suitably qualified candidates for the post of Curator of OIOC's Tibetan collections, the largest repository of such material accessible to scholars in the west. The appointment is for a period of three years, for the specific purpose of compiling a full descriptive catalogue of the manuscripts and blockprints outside the Stein collection. The post-holder will also be expected, amongst other duties, to deal with enquiries concerning the collections from scholars and the general public, and to recommend the purchase of Tibetan texts. Candidates should have a 1st or 2nd class honours degree or equivalent in Tibetan Studies, and be able to demonstrate a thorough knowledge of Tibetan bibliography and historiography and proven ability to work with manuscripts and other primary sources for purposes of descriptive cataloguing. Work experience in an academic library or research in a relevant field would be a considerable advantage. The appointee will report to the Head of the Classical South Asian Section of the OIOC. Current rates of pay are pounds 16565 - pounds 22669. In addition you will receive pounds 1750 Inner London Weighting per annum. Benefits include 25 days annual leave plus 10.5 days public and privilege holidays. Please telephone the Personnel Office, 2 Sheraton Street, London W1V 4BH on 071-323-7147 for an application form and further details or contact Mr MJC O'Keefe, British Library, Oriental and India Office Collections, 197 Blackfriars Road, London SE1 8NG; tel: 071-412-7654. Closing date for receipt of applications is: June 1993. The British Library is an Equal Opportunities Employer The world's leading resource for scholarship, research and innovation From dholmes at garnet.acns.fsu.edu Tue May 18 15:35:00 1993 From: dholmes at garnet.acns.fsu.edu (Dwight Holmes) Date: Tue, 18 May 93 10:35:00 -0500 Subject: Devanagari fonts Message-ID: <161227015828.23782.12638521492037169750.generated@prod2.harmonylists.io> > > The TrueType fonts provided with Windows 3.1 can be used in WordPerfect for > Windows. These are scaleable fonts that are displayed on the screen. Moreover, > WordPerfect 5.2 for Windows is supplied with the Adobe Type Manager, which enables > the user to print with Postscript Type 1 fonts even on non-postscript printers. These too > are scaleable fonts that are displayed also on the screen. It is possible to purchase > almost every font (including Devanagari) in either or both of these formats. > Alternatively, with suitable software one can create one's own fonts. Both TrueType and > Postscript fonts can for example be created using Altsys's Fontographer or Ares's > Fontmonger. With the latter Macintosh and NeXT fonts can be converted. > > Ronald E. Emmerick > > > Can Ronald or anyone else provide a contact address for getting the type of Devanagari font described here? Thanks-- ============================================================================ Dwight R. Holmes Center for International Studies INTERNET: dholmes at garnet.acns.fsu.edu Learning Systems Institute VOICE: 904-644-5442 Florida State University FAX: 904-644-3783 Tallahassee, FL 32306 ============================================================================ From aklujkar at unixg.ubc.ca Tue May 18 18:28:18 1993 From: aklujkar at unixg.ubc.ca (aklujkar at unixg.ubc.ca) Date: Tue, 18 May 93 11:28:18 -0700 Subject: Mahaa-nirvaa.na-tantra Message-ID: <161227015832.23782.15602078940527209801.generated@prod2.harmonylists.io> In response to the inquiry from Lowell Jaks, McGill University The wording of your message gives the impression that you are unaware of the three entries under Mahaa-nirvaa.na-tantra in M.B. Emeneau's A Union List of Printed Indic Texts and Translations in American Libraries (p. 313). These entries do not include an edition with 'Sa.nkara's commentary. However, they may be helpful to you in gathering further information about the specific edition in which you are immediately interrested. Ashok Aklujkar, Professor, Department of Asian Studies, University of B.C., Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z2, (604) 822-5185, (604) 274-5353, fax 822-8937 From rz2a016 at rzaix01.rrz.uni-hamburg.de Tue May 18 11:33:30 1993 From: rz2a016 at rzaix01.rrz.uni-hamburg.de (rz2a016 at rzaix01.rrz.uni-hamburg.de) Date: Tue, 18 May 93 11:33:30 +0000 Subject: No subject Message-ID: <161227015826.23782.1799009393178291923.generated@prod2.harmonylists.io> Re: Screen fonts with diacritics for use with WordPerfect When using the WordPerfect 5.1 (DOS) for foreign languages it is advisable to take advantage of WordPerfect's innovative character sets system. WordPerfect already provides many of the diacritics required for tranliterating Sanskrit and other languages. Moreover, it provides a special character set (no. 12) for user-defined characters. For users having an EGA or VGA display WordPerfect provides the facility to display a maximum of 512 characters simultaneously, the first 256 being the standard extended IBM ASCII characters and the second 256 being freely definable. The screen characters are defined in a file called EGA/VGA512.FRS and they are assigned to WordPerfect character sets according to information located in a file called EGA/VGA512.CHM. Multiple assignments are possible, but only a total of 300 assignments is permitted. It is possible to change the current screen font without leaving WordPerfect so that if for example one wishes to write a few lines of classical Greek one can load an appropriate screen font for the purpose and then return to one's diacritics font. A change of screen fonts can be effected by a single keystroke by placing a suitable macro under a key. The easiest way to make customised screen fonts (FRS files) and character set assignment files (CHM files) is to use the screen font editor (SFE.EXE) sold by WordPerfect. This already includes definitions of all the characters in the WordPerfect character sets. Thus, if one needs Japanese Katakana and Hiragana characters or Cyrillic characters etc., one need merely take over the ones that come with SFE.EXE. Printing the characters is another matter. WordPerfect 5.1 will print a rough graphic approximation of all the characters in all its character sets except of course no. 12, but for really adequate results it is necessary to use either the printer's inbuilt fonts or else download fonts. The latter can be defined by the user or purchased. Users who wish to define download fonts themselves have several options. The usual procedure is to purchase a font editor. Many quite adequate font editors are available as shareware. A more challenging option is to make use of WordPerfect's powerful macro language and create a font editor within WordPerfect itself. The TrueType fonts provided with Windows 3.1 can be used in WordPerfect for Windows. These are scaleable fonts that are displayed on the screen. Moreover, WordPerfect 5.2 for Windows is supplied with the Adobe Type Manager, which enables the user to print with Postscript Type 1 fonts even on non-postscript printers. These too are scaleable fonts that are displayed also on the screen. It is possible to purchase almost every font (including Devanagari) in either or both of these formats. Alternatively, with suitable software one can create one's own fonts. Both TrueType and Postscript fonts can for example be created using Altsys's Fontographer or Ares's Fontmonger. With the latter Macintosh and NeXT fonts can be converted. Ronald E. Emmerick From CXLJ at MUSICA.MCGILL.CA Tue May 18 16:49:29 1993 From: CXLJ at MUSICA.MCGILL.CA (CXLJ000) Date: Tue, 18 May 93 12:49:29 -0400 Subject: mahanirvanatantra Message-ID: <161227015830.23782.17614254395622080621.generated@prod2.harmonylists.io> To Indology subscribers: In his book, The Tantric Tradition, A. Bharati mentions the possibility that the Mahanirvanatantrawas written in the 8th century, and was known by Sankara. (Tantric Tradition, pg. 194) He does not list a source for this. In an article by J. Duncan Derret. "A Judicial Fabrication of Early British India: The Mahanirvanatantra," There is a reference to an edition of this text, which includes a commentary by Sankaracharya. According to the note, it was printed by the Danda Sabha of Manikarnaka Ghat, Banaras, in 1886. I have not been able to find any other listing of this book. Does anyone know of its existence and location? Thank you for any help in this matter. Lowell Jaks McGill University From ucgadkw at ucl.ac.uk Thu May 20 13:07:45 1993 From: ucgadkw at ucl.ac.uk (ucgadkw at ucl.ac.uk) Date: Thu, 20 May 93 14:07:45 +0100 Subject: PostScript and Outline Bengali fonts for PCs and other platforms. Message-ID: <161227015833.23782.4013929971593726217.generated@prod2.harmonylists.io> --- Forwarded mail from anis at spiff.eece.mu.edu (Anis Rahman) >From comp.fonts Thu May 20 13:48:17 1993 From: anis at spiff.eece.mu.edu (Anis Rahman) Newsgroups: soc.culture.bangladesh,comp.fonts,soc.culture.indian Subject: PostScript and Outline Bengali fonts for PCs and other platforms. Date: 19 May 1993 22:22:37 GMT Organization: Marquette University - Department of EECE Lines: 65 Keywords: Bengali fonts, PostScript, Outline Dear Netter/Font User: This is to inform that Outline (Scale able) and PostScript Bengali Fonts for IBM PCs and clones and for other platforms are available now. These fonts (called SonarGaonLilly), are generated by modifying the SonarGaon fonts, however, these are totally different from the original SonarGaon (bitmapped) fonts. Some of the features are: 1. WYSIWYG: These fonts are true wysiwyg (what you see is what you get) fonts. That is hoshshukar, dirghukar etc. would be placed in their actual positions. 2. Format available: TrueType (for Windows 3.1), PostScript Type 1 (for windows 3.0 and 3.1), Encapsulated PostScript (ESP), UNIX (Solaris running Open Windows), NEXT and Mac. 3. Point Sizes: Under MS Windows these fonts are scale able from 4 point to 127 point inclusive. Fractional sizes such as 10.5 etc. are also possible. Some wordprocessors such as Ami Pro, or WordPerfect for windows, can stretch the size upto 1000 point. 4. Type faces: Bold, italic, condensed, expanded, redlining, strike- through etc. options are readily applicable as allowed by the windows. 5. Keyboard: Two keyboard layouts are available at present: i) MCK layout, following the original Bengali keyboard designed by Professor Munir Choudhuri, and ii) Linguist Layout, where phonetically similar letters are assigned to the same ASCII code for convenience of multilingual composition. However, besides these two layouts, custom layout of choice can be made. 6. Installation: This is very easy. Just run windows control panel and add the TrueType fonts supplied. Or run the ATM (Adobe Type Manager [tm]) and add the supplied Type 1 fonts or EPS fonts. Method of installation for other platfoms are included in the manual. 7. Wordprocessors: Virtually any wordprocessor and/or program can use these fonts. Popular windows applications are MS Word for Windows (W4W), WordPerfect for Windows (WP4W), Ami Pro, Windows Write, WordStar for Windows. Other programs such as MS Excel, Lotus 123 for windows, Coreldraw, PageMaker, Paint Brush, and many other programs can use these fonts. 8. Printers: Any printer can be used to print these fonts. As long as the printer is supported by windows (and is there any printer that is not supported by windows?), these fonts can be printed without loosing quality. If you would like to receive a free brochure about these fonts, please send your mailing (postal) address to anis at spiff.eece.mu.edu. Or write to Anisur Rahman 722 N 13th Street, Apt. 505 Milwaukee, WI 53233 (414) 288-2498 --- End of forwarded message from anis at spiff.eece.mu.edu (Anis Rahman) From ucgadkw at ucl.ac.uk Mon May 31 10:20:12 1993 From: ucgadkw at ucl.ac.uk (ucgadkw at ucl.ac.uk) Date: Mon, 31 May 93 11:20:12 +0100 Subject: Jim Benson new Sanskrit Lecturer at Oxford Message-ID: <161227015835.23782.6608784649543048300.generated@prod2.harmonylists.io> The result of the appointment to the lectureship in Sanskrit at Oxford University is now public. Dr James Benson has been elected to the post, which is held at Wolfson College. He succeeds Alexis Sanderson, who was recently elected to the Spalding Chair in Eastern Religions and Ethics at All Souls College, following the death of Professor Bimal Matilal. The lecturer before Alexis was Richard Gombrich, now Boden Professor of Sanskrit at Balliol College. Jim was at Oxford for much of the 80s, on a succession of fellowships and grants, teaching and doing research for his Stanford doctorate. This work was published as his book on Patanjali's treatment of the Paninian notion of anga in the Mahabhasya. Jim comes to Oxford from Harvard, where he went from Oxford two (or three?) years ago. He has been teaching Sanskrit in the department of Sanskrit and Indian Studies under Prof. Michael Witzel. Presumably a Sanskrit lectureship will be advertised at Harvard in the near future. Dominik From ucgadkw at ucl.ac.uk Mon May 31 11:25:09 1993 From: ucgadkw at ucl.ac.uk (ucgadkw at ucl.ac.uk) Date: Mon, 31 May 93 12:25:09 +0100 Subject: Issues in the creation and dissemination of Sanskrit e-texts Message-ID: <161227015837.23782.1424256043298161921.generated@prod2.harmonylists.io> I should like to initiate a discussion in this forum concerning the level of perfection that we can expect in electronic versions of Sanskrit texts typed by individual scholars. It is an increasingly common occurrence for me to meet colleagues who have very substantial amounts of Sanskrit text typed into their computers, and who are in principle willing to share their work except that they consider it as yet too imperfect to be made public. This is a completely understandable situation. We are in a profession where scholarly reputations are hard-won and easily lost. The fear is that if we make our e-texts public, and they are found to have many typing errors in them, we will be blamed, or criticised, for this inaccuracy. The result is that the amount of Sanskrit e-texts available publicly is just a tiny proportion of what has actually been done. More distressingly, work is being needlessly duplicated. Did you know, for example, that the Ramayana has been typed twice? Or that the Mahabharata has been typed about one and a half times? I should like to argue that making an e-text public is not the same as publishing in a book or journal. The creation of e-texts is inevitably going to involve certain error rates, and rather than trying Quixotically to escape from these errors, we should look them in the eye, understand them, and deal with them. If this were the public perception of the situation, we could all begin a much wider process of sharing Sanskrit e-texts. My own belief is that everyone *fully* appreciates how difficult it is to type a Sanskrit text, and that when a text is made available it is met with whole-hearted gratitude, and a full appreciation of the labour involved. Also everyone appreciates that such a work will never be perfect. If you consider that a page of text contains (rough figures) thirty or forty lines of sixty characters each: i.e. approximately 2k bytes of data, then a text of 100 pages contains 200k bytes. If this is typed with 99.9% accuracy -- which is *very* good indeed -- then one would still expect to find about 205 errors, i.e., two per page! This means that even with an almost superhuman degree of accuracy -- 99.9% -- a scholar is likely to be unhappy with the results if he judges by normal publishing standards. Calculations of this type point out two things: 1/ Different standards are applicable to the creation of e-texts by individuals, than are applicable to traditional publishing. 2/ Different *methods* must be applied to correction and checking. Many of these issues have long ago been worked out in the context of the creation of the Thesaurus Linguae Grecae. In that context, a great deal of money was made available by the Packard foundation and other sponsors, and each Greek text was typed twice by professional input typists. The two copies were then compared with eachother by computer, to give a first elimination of non-duplicate input errors. Then teams of proof-readers worked through the texts, checking and correcting. The resulting text was then added to the TLG CD Rom for distribution. Clearly this is a big, expensive, team effort. In the Sanskrit field, we don't have such central funding and the possibilities that go with it. The efforts to create e-texts are all scattered and individual. But the amounts of text now being transferred into digital form are nevertheless very substantial. Therefore, I stongly believe that we should all share what we have, in spite of the fact that we have reservations about accuracy. It is important that an e-text should include an audit-trail, and this will record the state of the text, the history of its creation, and the level of accuracy that can be expected. The Text Encoding Guidlines (from the TEI) explicitly legislate for this. If I have typed into my computer a hundred pages of some text, then let me select some chunk from the middle, say two pages worth (say 4k bytes). Then I should check this *carefully* against the input-text. If I find eight errors, then let me say at the beginning of the file that the text has an average error rate of 0.2%. (Or more positively, the text is 99.8% correct.) This sthalii-pulaaka method should satisfy everyone with regard to what they can expect, and the degree of approximation they should build in to the statistics they derive from their further use of the text. Moreover, I think there are interesting methodological lessons to be learned *from the mistakes*! Consider the article by Don Knuth, "The Errors of TeX" (published in the journal Software: Practice and Experience about five years ago). Knuth here analyses the categories of errors that have been discovered in the program he made public in 1982, togther with information on frequency, seriousness, and so forth. This is *very* important information for understanding what one may expect from medium-sized software projects. Similarly, we today need to have some quantitative studies on the pathology of every-day text creation. Given that it is absurd to expect perfection, we should know what types of errors are common, how often they might occur, and so forth. (As we do with scribal errors in manuscript studies.) This will help to guide us in creating programs that can check a text automatically for the most commonly found errors. It would also be very useful to have some comparative studies of input coding and its relevance to errors. For example, is there a difference in the error-rate of texts typed with the Nakatani or the Velthuis keying systems? These are all interesting academic questions. I hope that I have convinced you that the quality of e-texts should not be seen purely as a matter of pride and reputation on the part of the creator, but as part of a larger issue of data integrity, in which perfection is completely impossible, and a quantitative understanding of error is the crucial issue. If these points can be accepted, I would hope that more texts might be forthcoming, and that we can all share in the task of correcting and improving the particular texts we work on. I also see this work as methodologically cumulative. For example, Prof. Schreiner told me yesterday that he has a list of 10,000 lemmatized Sanskrit words. This list and other like it could be used for many purposes including data-integrity checking of other texts. If one large text has been input, and we lemmatize it, those results can be used to check the next text input, and so forth. In time, it should become a simple matter to run a newly-input text through a Sanskrit spelling checker or similar program, and get an immediate list of trouble spots. The corrected text could then contribute again to the spelling checker. Best wishes, Dominik From l.m.fosse at easteur-orient.uio.no Mon May 31 09:09:48 1993 From: l.m.fosse at easteur-orient.uio.no (l.m.fosse at easteur-orient.uio.no) Date: Mon, 31 May 93 14:09:48 +0500 Subject: Issues in the creation and dissemination of Sanskrit e-texts Message-ID: <161227015838.23782.14611052291284709981.generated@prod2.harmonylists.io> Regarding Dominik's email on etexts: I fully agree with what Dominik says, and I would like to add a few comments of my own. Collecting existing Sanskrit (and/or middle indic) etexts would be extremely useful to us all. In other fields of philology large corpora have existed for a long time, and software has been developed for more or less automatic tagging of such texts. Some corpora, I believe, are fully tagged. I would like, however, to stress the value of a common format for the entry of indic texts. As far as I can see, several formats exist, some of which are not very useful from a linguist's or statistician's point of view. Personally I find the "TUSTEP" format used by Peter Schreiner et al. very useful. This format analyses all compounds, but at the same time the formatting program of TUSTEP (Tuebingen System von Textverarbeitungsprogrammen) enables you to print quite beautiful Sanskrit texts with proper transcription characters. So far, I have seen nothing better in the field of computer based transliteration. Converting to other font systems is easy. I therefore suggest that we should try to agree on a common format, and I put the "TUSTEP" format up as my candidate. As regards the construction of corpora, diversity is as important as the number of words. Large corpora are usually divided into genres, and text samples may be limited to 2,000 words. The Brown Corpus contains one million words of written, edited American English published in 1961; the corpus comprises 500 text samples, each 2,000 words long, taken from fifteen text categories (e.g. press reportage, editorials, academic prose, general fiction). The American linguist-cum-statistican Douglas Biber has shown that even samples as short as 1,000 words give a fairly consistent representation of a number of linguistic parameters, so that even short texts of 1,000 - to 2,000 words may be of value. (See Douglas Biber (1990). "Methodological Issues Regarding Corpus-based Analyses of Linguistic Variation." Literary and Linguistic Computing, 5(4): 258-269. One does have to demonstrate, however, that the same thing applies to Sanskrit!) Therefore, all you indologists out there who have entered a few thousand words of Sanskrit on your computer, don't hesitate to share your work with the rest of us. Some of us may even have entered other parts of the same text, so that we could put together a complete electronic edition! Best regards, Lars Martin Fosse Lars Martin Fosse Department of East European and Oriental Studies P. O. Box 1030, Blindern N-0315 OSLO Norway Tel: +47 22 85 68 48 Fax: +47 22 85 41 40 E-mail: l.m.fosse at easteur-orient.uio.no From ucgadkw at ucl.ac.uk Mon May 31 15:32:23 1993 From: ucgadkw at ucl.ac.uk (ucgadkw at ucl.ac.uk) Date: Mon, 31 May 93 16:32:23 +0100 Subject: Issues in the creation and dissemination of Sanskrit e-texts Message-ID: <161227015840.23782.14583981922321200334.generated@prod2.harmonylists.io> Lars makes several excellent points, with which I mostly agree completely. But > ... the formatting program of TUSTEP (Tuebingen System von > Textverarbeitungsprogrammen) enables you to print quite beautiful Sanskrit > texts with proper transcription characters. So far, I have seen nothing > better in the field of computer based transliteration. TeX is better. And > Converting to other > font systems is easy. I therefore suggest that we should try to agree on a > common format, and I put the "TUSTEP" format up as my candidate. The CSX 8-bit coding scheme has already been agreed upon for general file exchange, and terminal display. All the Sanskrit texts available via this INDOLOGY listserv and the associated ftp site (ftp.bcc.ac.uk:pub/users/ucgadkw/indology) are also available in standard CSX coding at blackbox.hacc.washington.edu, courtesy of Tom Ridgeway. Your other points are well taken. The Schreiner transcription is indeed extremely valuable, but there are two points to be made about it. 1/ It is in no way bound to TUSTEP. The Schreiner transcription can be done with any editor at all, from EMACS to vi, from WordPerfect to edlin. It doesn't matter. It is a 7-bit transcription and coding scheme for marking all characters, and a wide range of grammatical values such as sandhi, samaasas, etc. (See the online version of Saundaryalahari for an example. Available by ftp from ftp.bcc.ac.uk in directory pub/users/ucgadkw/indology.) Peter himself has written filters in TUSTEP to convert between his and other transcriptions, so that he can print in naagarii using the Velthuis transcription for TeX, etc. TUSTEP is a wonderful set of tools for textual analysis, but there are also other such tools such as TACT, the Oxford Concordance Program, and the many text processing tools which form such a prominent part of Unix (grep, awk, sed, tr, uniq, spell, troff, etc.). These other tools are equally able to use the Schreiner transcription to extract lists, lemmas, and do statistics on grammatical or lexical features. I am not against TUSTEP: it is great. But the Schreiner transcription is a separate issue. 2/ It require very significant grammatical knowledge on the part of the typist. If the typist and the scholar are identical, as with Peter Schreiner, then you can have large amounts of text, already grammatically analysed. But this is not commonly the case. Usually, I believe, a scholar gets a grant to pay someone (a student) to type a text. In very big transcription projects, the typists may not even know the language they are typing (this was the case with the Greek TLG project, where Greek texts were typed by Phillipino typists who just learned the Greek alphabet.) In that situation, it would slow the project unacceptably to require grammatical analysis as well as transcription. It is still very important to have texts transcribed verbatim, without the dissolution of sandhi, compounds, cases and tenses. I hope that in time it will be possible to semi-automate these tasks. As I mentioned in my earlier note, Peter already has a substantial list of analysed lemmata, and this list can be used to analyse "samhita" texts. In classical/Puranic literature, Peter has found that up to 60% of words are common to all texts. So a semi-automatic analysis by reference to a list (i.e., dictionary-based, as opposed to algorithmic) should have a very substantial impact on the task. Secondly, at the Leiden world Sanskrit conference, Aad Verboom demonstrated an algorithmic sandhi analysis program, and a grammatical analysis program. I don't know what has happened to this effort since then. But either it can be completed, or someone can do it again. Aad's demonstration at Leiden provided a fully satisfactory proof-of-concept. On the question of sharing texts, something we could do *right now* is to share titles. I would like to urge all members of Indology to submit the names of texts they have transcribed into digital form, or of any they know of that have been done by others. I volunteer to gather the details together into a list which I will make publicly available by LISTSERV and ftp. Dominik